REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT MOMBASA

Civil Case 785 of 1993

INDIANA BEACH APARTMENTS……………………...…………PLAINTIFF

-Versus-

PORTIA MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD……..…………….DEFENDANT

J U D G M E N T       

INDIANA BEACH APARTMENTS LTD. (IBA) are in the business ofhiring out Beach Cottages and Apartments to tourists and locals inthis country. They have 45 of them along the Mombasa/Maiindi Roadat Bamburi.  Some are one-bedroom while others are two-bedrooms.

On 1.2.1990 they were approached by M/S PORTIA MANAGEMENTSERVICES LTD (PORTIA) for provision of Accommodation for theirStaff Members. Portia is a limited company incorporated in theUnited Kingdom with its offices at the Port City of Liverpool,England. They were at the time contracted by the Kenya PortsAuthority (KPA) to provide consultancy services for the latter'scontainer Terminal and they brought seven of their staff members toKenya for that purpose. KPA could not provide housing for them andtherefore advised them to seek alternative housing, hence thecontact with IBA.

By a written agreement executed and relied on by both parties,and dated 1.2.1990, IBA agreed to let and Portia agreed to rent onetwo bedroom Apartment and three one-bedroom Apartments at Shs. 20,000 per month and Shs. 15,000 per month, per Apartmentrespectively. The lease was to run for a period of one year from1.2.90 to 31.1.91 and the rent was payable quarterly in advance..Due to the nature of the contract entered into between Portiaand KPA it was envisaged that Portia's staff members may have to leave Kenya due to emergency or transfer and may not occupy thepremises for the entire period of one year. A special clause wastherefore included and written out by hand before execution of the main Agreement as follows:

"5A  In cases of emergency or transfer of, staff the tenant may terminate this agreement by giving one month notice to the landlord."

Seven of Portia's staff members arrived into the country andtook possession of more than the 4 Apartments reserved under thewritten agreement. Two of them John Joseph Knowles and JosephMitchel arrived on 2.2.90 and occupied rooms 120 and l19respectively. These were the one-bedroom Apartments for Shs.15,000 per month rental. But they only stayed there until 1.3.1990when they checked out and left the country. The remaining 5 staffmembers, who are neither identified nor shown which Apartments theyoccupied under the written agreement, left by the 14th June 1990.

It is IBA's contention that Portia withdrew their staff fromthe premises without Notice and in breach of the agreement. As aresult IBA suffered a loss Of Shs. 537,000/=. They demanded thissum and in default of payment came to court on I0.12.93 and filedthis suit. In a statement of defence dated 25.2.94, Portia denied the claim and contended that they complied with the agreement to the letter and gave requisite Notices.They were strangers to the claim and  they dubbed the  suit as malicious scandalous frivolous, vexatious, and an abuse of the court process.They threatened to have the suit struck out on those grounds but there is no evidence that they did                          

Instead both counsel for the parties dispensed with summons for Directions and filed agreed issues for determination upon hearing of the matter for one day.The agreed issues are these;

(1) Did the defendant give one months notice to theplaintiff before vacating the premises let inaccordance with the agreement referred to inparagraphs 3 & 4 of the plaint and if so how, where.        and when? 

2) Did the plaintiff suffer loss and damage in the sum of Kshs. 293,500/= by way of loss of rent?

(3)   Did the defendant pay rent to the plaintiff Kshs.243,500 before vacating the premises described inparagraphs 3 of the plaint?

(4)   Is the defendant liable to the plaintiff?

(5)   What is the order as to costs?

IBA called Only one witness who testified before Oguk J. on22.9.95. Oguk J. left this station thereafter and I took Up thehearing under Order 17 Rule 10 Civil Procedure Rules. Portia alsocalled one witness who testified before me on 9.4.97. All theproceedings were typed out and submissions completed on both sidesby 17.7.97 I will answer the issues framed in the light of thepleadings and the evidence.

The first issue is most crucial for the plaintiffs. For it ison the basis that Portia removed their staff from the rentedpremises without notice that IBA claims the loss pleaded in thissuit. The contention in the pleading is that there was no noticeat all given by Portia before vacating, hence IBA's entitlement topayment of all rents accruing for the remaining portion of thelease period

The oral evidence on this pleading and issue is ratherintriguing. For I do not see how a party who contends that therewere no notices given at all would be the one to tender evidence ofsuch notices  This is what Mr. James Makundi, (James) (P.W.I) theonly witness for IBA appears to have done. He may perhaps beexcused because he was not there when the Agreement was enteredinto or when the tenants left, and this suit was filed long beforehe joined IBA. He had only been with the IBA as an Accountant for5 months before he testified on 22.9.1995. That means he joinedthem in May or April 1995 - more than 5 years after the cause of action arose.

James relied on documents he said he found in the offices whenhe joined IBA. From these documents he surmised that there werepeople who owed them money.

Among those documents was the Agreement dated 1.2.1990 whichprovided for a one month, notice to be given by the tenants if theywished to vacate. He produced this as Exhibit.1 Among thosedocuments also was a letter dated 1.3.1990 written by the defendants (Portia) giving notice that M/S J. Mitchel and J. Knowles would vacate their rooms that same day.  He produced the letter as Exhibit 2.  James contended that this was not a proper notice.  But this is 'not the same thing as saying there was no notice given at all as stated in the plaint.  There was a Notice given but it was not in accordance with the agreement signed between the parties.  It was an invalid notice and on that score Portia would be liable to pay one months rent in lieu of notices according to James

"Each of them were supposed to pay Shs. 15,000, for eachof the two apartments. Had there been a valid noticethey would have paid a total sum of Shs. 30,000/=."

But they only paid up to the time of departure on 1.3.90. Nopayment was therefore made in lieu of notice.

The other 5 staff members of Portia were left in the premises.

James testified however, that before they left the premises, a letter was written by Portia giving notice of such action. I will quote him verbatim:

"Before the said tenants moved out, we received a letter.... I do have a copy of the letter with me here dated10th May 1990. This is the said letter Exhibit 4. Thesaid letter gave us one month notice of their intentionto remove all their staff. They duly removed all thestaff by the 13th and 14th June 1990 as per the letter?our compliant is that we were not given notice incase ofMr. John Joseph Knowles and his colleague  JosephMitchel."

Upon such admission, I see no contentious issue that notice was either not served at all or not served in accordance with theagreement pleaded.

Miss Okumu for IBA submitted firstly, that there was noevidence as to how these notices were delivered to the plaintiffsa submission I find with respect, fatuous. It was the plaintiffswho were producing the. Notices in evidence and there cannot be anycontention that they did not receive the Notices Secondly, shesubmitted that even if the notices were given they did not specifythe "Case of emergency or transfer" that necessitated thedefendants to remove their staff members. The short answer is thatthere was no requirement in the agreement for such disclosure. Thefocus of the clause as I see it was to make it clear that thetenancy agreement could be terminated before the expiry of the oneyear period so that the landlord cannot claim to have been takenby surprise.  That privilege was the tenants, not the landlords.

In answer to the first issue, I am satisfied that two writtennotices were given to the plaintiffs. The notices were dated1.3.1990 and 10th May 1990. The latter was a valid notice underthe tenancy agreement while the former was invalid.

The second and third issues may be considered together. Thetwo figures of special damages pleaded at Shs. 293,500 and 243,500amount to the figure prayed for in the plaint Shs. 537,000/=. Theonus is on the plaintiffs to prove strictly that they are entitledto such damages. The proof is once again through the one witnesscalled by the plaintiffs, James.  And once again I find his evidence  perplexing  It is pleaded in the suit that the said amount was in respect of the loss incurred in unpaid rent for the remaining period of tenancy after the defendants left without notice. But the evidence from James is this:

"As a consequence of the defendant cancelling the tenancywithout proper notice we incurred loss of income we weregenerating from those rooms. We suffered a loss of Shs.293,500/= I do not really have the documents to show howthis figure was arrived at, but this is the amount wefound in the books when I came there.

I now wish to say that by the time the 5 remainingtenants were leaving they incurred some money for theperiod they stayed in the Hotel . This amounts to Shs.l293,500. This was upto 30,6.1990 less the payments theyhad made. We duly invoiced the defendants."

He then proceeded to refer to some invoices showing some figures of Shs. 243,500 and another figure of Shs. 350,000 for the period 1^st May 1990 to 31st June 1991.  He also referred to some statement which showed a figure of Shs. 293,500 and stated

"As far as I am concerned I am claiming a total sum ofShs. 293,500/= from the defendants the whole year."

The documents referred to by that witness were only marked for identification and the witness undertook to produce the company book copies of the invoices.  In the end none of the invoices or statement or company books were produced in evidence and they are not on record.  That renders the evidence of James on that aspect of the matter worthless.  To compound matters James admitted in cross examination that there never was any demand Notice addressedto the defendants for any outstanding dues and no such notice wasproduced in evidence. Nor was there evidence of service of anyinvoices or statements showing any amounts unpaid by thedefendants.

In the absence of any Accounts kept by the plaintiffs inrespect of this tenancy I find on those two issues that the sum ofShs. 537,000/= claimed in the plaint has not been proved on abalance of probability.

I have made a finding on the first issue however that thefirst notice was invalid and attracted payment of rent in lieu ofNotice. That amounts to Shs. 30,000/= which I find is due andowing to the plaintiffs.

At all events there is no evidence that the plaintiffs did notrent out the Apartments to other tenants after the defendantsdeparture in March and June 1990. They were under a duty tomitigate their losses if any but there is no evidence on this.In my judgment the plaintiffs are not entitled to the amount theyclaim in the plaint save for Shs. 30,000/= of it.

The fourth issue is subsumed in the first, second and thirdissues and has been answered accordingly.

I agree with Mr. Gikandi for the defendants that theplaintiffs suit should be and is hereby dismissed with costs to thedefendants, save for a sum of Shs. 30,000/= for which judgmentshall be entered for the plaintiff's with interest "thereon and costs at court rates.

Dated at Mombasa this 25^th day of September.1997

P.N. Waki                             

JUDGE