Case Metadata |
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| Case Number: | Criminal Appeal 23 of 1998 |
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| Parties: | Stephen Twanze & Samuel Nzioka v Republic |
| Date Delivered: | 15 Jul 1998 |
| Case Class: | Criminal |
| Court: | Court of Appeal at Mombasa |
| Case Action: | Judgment |
| Judge(s): | Philip Kiptoo Tunoi, Effie Owuor, Richard Otieno Kwach |
| Citation: | Stephen Twanze & another v Republic [1998] eKLR |
| Case History: | (Appeal from a conviction and Judgment of the High Court of Kenya at Mombasa (Justice Ang’awa and Justice Waki) dated 15th December, 1997 In H.C.Cr.A No. 33 AND 378 OF 1996 |
| Court Division: | Criminal |
| Parties Profile: | Individual v Government |
| County: | Mombasa |
| Case Summary: | CRIMINAL APPEAL NO 23 OF 1998 CRIMINAL PRACTICE & PROCEDURE- Presumption- possession of recently stolen property- where one is found with a recently stolen property from the complainant- where he cannot offer an explanation as to how he came into possession of the property- whether it can be presumed that he is the thief or he knows who the thief is. EVIDENCE -Identification- where one is positively identified as the accused- where the accused is subsequently convicted and the court is satisfied of his conviction- whether the court should overturn this conviction. EVIDENCE- Robbery with violence- where one is accused of the offence of robbery with violence contrary to section 296(2) of the penal code, found guilty and convicted- where on appeal the court does not find any evidence lining him to the offence- whether he should be acquitted of the conviction. SUMMARY OF THE FACTS. The appellants here were convicted of robbery with violence contrary to section 296 (2) of the Penal Code. It was alleged that on 11th September, 1994 at or about 3 a.m. at Nyali Estate in Mombasa the appellants and four others persons robbed one Cyril Ondatto of one televisions set, an amplifier, a stereo receiver, a radio cassette, a Sanyo speaker, a brief case, one carpet, one golden ring, one lantern lamp stand and Shs. 66,000/- in cash, and in the course of such robbery wounded the said Cyril Ondatto. They also faced the alternative charge of handling stolen goods. The Magistrate convicted these appellants and a third accused, one December Mwawasi Ochieng’ on the robbery charge and sentenced them to death. All three appealed to the superior court against both conviction and sentence. The court allowed Mwawasi’s appeal. The appellants filed the second appeal. On this second appeal, the first appellant complained that he was not positively identified as one of the persons who were involved in the robbery. However he is said to have been attempting to sell a radio belonging to the complainant without a permit. He could not explain how the said stolen radio came into his possession. In addition to being found in possession of the radio, the first appellant was said to have been positively identified by the complainant’s son, Mark Ondatto (P.W.3), at a Police Station. However as regards the second appellant, it was submitted that there was no evidence to connect him with the crime. Apart from the evidence of the two co-accused incriminating the second appellant in the crime there is no other evidence against him and the court failed to understand why his appeal to the superior court was dismissed. HELD
Appeal by 1st appellant dismissed. Appeal by 2nd appeallant allowed. |
| Case Outcome: | Appeal by 1st appellant dismissed. Appeal by 2nd appeallant allowed. |
| Disclaimer: | The information contained in the above segment is not part of the judicial opinion delivered by the Court. The metadata has been prepared by Kenya Law as a guide in understanding the subject of the judicial opinion. Kenya Law makes no warranties as to the comprehensiveness or accuracy of the information |
IN THE COURT FO APPEAL
AT MOMBASA
CORAM: KWACH, TUNOI & OWUOR, JJ.A
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 23 OF 1998
BETWEEN
STEPHEN TWANZE
SAMUEL NZIOKA ……………………………..APPELLANTS
AND
REPUBLIC ……………………………………RESPONDENT
(Appeal from a conviction and Judgment of the High Court of Kenya at Mombasa (Justice Ang’awa and Justice Waki) dated 15th December, 1997
In
H.C.Cr.A No. 33 AND 378 OF 1996
*****************************
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
Stephen Twanze (the first appellant) and Samuel Nzioka (the second appellant) were convicted of robbery with violence contrary to section 296 (2) of the Penal Code. It was alleged that on 11th September, 1994 at or about 3 a.m. at Nyali Estate in Mombasa the appellants and four others persons robbed Cyril Ondatto of one televisions set, an amplifier, a stereo receiver, a radio cassette, a Sanyo speaker, a brief case, one carpet, one golden ring, one lantern lamp stand and Shs. 66,000/- in cash, and in the course of such robbery wounded the said Cyril Ondatto. They also faced the alternative charge of handling stolen goods.
The Magistrate convicted these appellants and a third accused one December Mwawasi Ochieng’ on the robbery charge and sentenced them to death. All three appealed to the superior court against both conviction and sentence. The appeal was heard by Ang’awa and Waki JJ who allowed Mwawasi’s appeal. And they have now brought this second appeal.
We shall deal first with the first appellant’s appeal. His main complaint in his second appeal is that the was not positively identified as one of the persons who were involved in the robbery. In the course of the robbery the complainant was seriously injured and almost lost his life. According to George Kitheka (P.W.10) as he was returning from work on 11th September, 1994 at 8 p.m., he met the first appellant who told him that he had a radio for sale. Kitheka had no money but agreed to put the first appellant in touch with a man called Pius who might be interested in buying the radio. Kitheka did not see the radio but he arranged a meeting between the first appellant and Pius at a hotel and left the two by themselves.
Pius Watila (P.W.4) told the court that he was on duty on a date in September, 1994, when he was approached by Kitheka who told him he had a friend who had a radio he wished to sell. Pius was a bit suspicious because he could not understand why anyone would want to sell a radio at night. Kitheka took him to the hotel where he met the first appellant and discussed about the radio. According to Pius, Kitheka was present at the discussion although this is denied by Kitheka. Pius made it clear to the first appellant and Kitheka that he was not prepared to discuss the purchase unless they produced a permit. The first appellant asked for a down payment of shs. 1,000/- which Pius declined to pay.
Although Kitheka said all this happened on 11th September, 1994, Pius himself did not give an exact date but the first appellant himself told the court that it was on the 12th, which must be correct. According to the first appellant he had gone to see Pius to recover a debt and Pius then asked him to secure a taxi for him to carry some goods from Kongowea. The impression given by Pius was that the first appellant was a complete stranger to him and they had never met before the encounter at the hotel. Be that as it may, the sum total of the evidence of the first appellant, Pius and Kitheka is that the radio which the first appellant was trying to sell to Pius belonged to the complainant and was one of the items which had been stolen at his house during the robbery.
Mr Ingutia suggested that the court should have preferred the account of the meeting given by Ahmed Mohamed (P.W.5) , a loader, at Mawingo Bus Service but we must reject this suggestion because we have an account of the persons who were actually involved in the transaction. The radio which the first appellant was trying to sell was actually the property of the complainant. And being in recent possession of an item recently stolen from the complainant the presumption arose that he was either the thief or a handler of stolen property unless he could offer an explanation as to how the item came into his possession. In addition to being found in possession of the radio, the first appellant was positively identified by the complainant’s son, Mark Ondatto (P.W.3), at an Police Station on 22nd September, 1994. We are satisfied that the first appellant was properly convicted and we dismiss his appeal.
As regards the second appellant Mr. Magolo submitted that there was no evidence to connect him with the crime. Apart from the evidence of the two co-accused incriminating the second appellant in the crime there is no other evidence against him and we fail to understand why his appeal to the superior court was dismissed. We allow his appeal, quash the conviction, set aside the sentence and order that he be set at liberty forthwith unless otherwise lawfully held. Those are our orders.
Dated and delivered at Mombasa this 15th day for July, 1998.
R.O. KWACH
JUDGE OF APPEAL
P.K. TUNOI
JUDGE OF APEPAL
E.OWUOR
JUDGE OF APPEAL
I certify that this is a true copy of the original.
DEPUTY REGISTRAR
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