REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND LAND COURT AT MURANG’A

ELC CASE NO. 11 OF 2019

JACKSON KABIRI KARURU..........................PLAINTIFF/APPLICANT

VERSUS

MARY NJOKI NJUGUNA….......................DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT

RULING

There are two Applications for consideration. The first one is dated 17^th August 2021, brought by the Plaintiff/ Applicant seeking for orders that;

1. That the Honourable Court  do cancel all dealings  in land Title  Number LOC.1/Kiunyu/512,  measuring 3.2  Hectares  and the title do revert  to original title  being LOC.1/KIUNYU/512.

2. That upon prayer 2 being granted, the Applicant’s portion  of 0.17 Hectares be excised  from land  Parcel No.LOC.1 /KIUNYU /512 .

3. That  in default, the Registrar do sign  the necessary documents  to effect  subdivision  and transfer of the 0.17 Hectares portion of parcel number  LOC.1/KIUNYU/512  to the Applicant herein

4. That costs of the Application be provided for.

The Application is premised on the grounds that the Plaintiff/Applicant has been in open and continuous occupation and without interruption of a portion  of  the suit property measuring 0.17 ha  for a period of over 40 years . That the Plaintiff/Applicant moved the Court for orders for acquisition of the said   portion of land   via Adverse  Possession,  and the  Defendant/Respondent was fully aware  of the suit, but did not participate  and the  Applicant’s prayers were  allowed  and a Decree  was issued that he  was entitled to 0.17 ha, of the suit property by way of Adverse Possession and the Respondent ordered to execute the necessary documents. Further, that when the Plaintiff/ Applicant presented the necessary documents   to the Land Registrar, to commence subdivision and transfer, he discovered that the Defendant/Respondent had proceeded to subdivide the Land without taking into consideration the Applicant’s rights and consequently L.R No. LOC.1/KIUNYU/512, does not exist as the  same has been cancelled  and new title numbers issued. That the Respondent’s actions are illegal and a blatant disregard of Court orders and result in great injustice.

In his supporting Affidavit Jackson Kabiri  Karuru   averred that  with the existence  of the new titles to his exclusion, he is apprehensive that the Respondent will  deal  with the property  in a manner that is detrimental  to his interest including  but not limited to a sale,  transfer and their eviction  from their home.

The Application is opposed and the Defendant/ Respondent Mary Njoki Njuguna, swore a Replying Affidavit on 7^th December 2021, and averred that she has filed an Application seeking to set aside  the entire Judgment  since the Plaintiff/Applicant  lied to Court that  she had been served with Summons to Enter Appearance. That the matter  proceeded ex parte and therefore the Judgment  being execute by the Applicant is without merit . Further that the Applicant took advantage of her old age  and  ill health and proceeded  Ex parte. That L.R 512  is about 3.2 acres and the Plaintiff/Applicant misleads the Court that it is 3.2 Ha. That she caused a Surveyor’s  report to be prepared  and  encroachment by the  Applicant  is about 0.04Ha or about 0.1 acres . That the Decree captures the wrong details pertaining to the  suit property . That  she has been advised by her advocates,  which advise she believes to be true that  to condemn a party unheard  is against the rules of natural justice .

 The Plaintiff/ Applicant swore a Further Affidavit on 18^th January 2022,   and averred that the  Defendant/ Respondent has been served  with Mention Notices on diverse  dates, while the suit was ongoing and it is false  to allege  that the matter  proceeded ex parte . That her old age does not warrant the company of a relative at all times. Further, that his claim for 0.17 Ha is proper, as the same translates to approximately     0.42acres. It was his contention that the Judgment was regularly obtained as evidenced by Returns of Service filed before the Court.

The 2^nd one is the Notice of Motion Application by the Defendant/Respondent dated 26^th October 2021, for orders that;

a)  That this honourable Court be pleased to set aside the Judgment entered in this proceedings and do allow the Defendants unconditional leave to defend this suit as per the  Response  to the Originating Summons attached  herein.

b)  That this Honourable Court  be pleased to make  or issue orders  that are just expediate in the circumstances

c)  That the costs of this Application be provided for

d) That the  Defendant be compelled to pay the cost of this Application.

The Application is premised on the grounds that the matter proceeded  exparte in the absence of the Defendant/Applicant who has never been served with  any summons or any notice requiring  her attendance in Court. That the Defendants/Applicant lives adjacent to the Plaintiff/Respondent and the Plaintiff/Respondent has never mentioned this case neither to the Applicant nor her children, who have constructed  on L.R 512, now subdivided  to L.R 1555,1556,1557 and 1558. Further that the process server lied to the Court.

 That the suit property was initially registered in the names of Njuguna Karuru  ( Deceased),  and his Succession Cause initiated  by the Defendant/ Applicant  via Thika CM P& A  No. 59 of 2014 Estate  of Njuguna Karuru  and the suit property was subdivided to his four beneficiaries,  who the Court ordered to get 0.8 acres each via Confirmed Grant  issued on 26^th  March 2015. That the same was subdivided on 4^th August 2018, before the institution of this suit. Further, that the Plaintiff/ Respondent has misled the Court in obtaining the Orders sought  that the suit property measures  approximately 3.2 Ha whilst it measures 1.3 Ha, and the Orders sought cannot be granted. That the true position is that the Plaintiff’s / Respondent’s has less than 6ft entered into  the suit land  and all that needed to be done was to have the  boundaries re-aligned.

 In her supporting Affidavit, Mary Njoki Njuguna  averred  that she learnt  of the  suit  herein when the Plaintiff/ Respondent   started boasting in front of her children that  he had acquired part of their land in the course of the year. That her children investigated  and involved the local Chief, who found out that  there was an ongoing suit  and a Decree was issued  on 17^th February 2021. That she is  ailing and her age is failing and she relies on her children for  a living .  That at the time of filing this suit in 2019, L.R No.512  did not exist,  as it had already been subdivided and had the said issues been brought before Court on transmission and subdivision, the Court would have arrived at a different  finding.

That the Plaintiff/ Respondent is lying to the Court that he served her with the pleadings as  her movements are curtailed  and restricted and she does not stay alone  as she constantly needs help  and as such, the process server must have served her in the presence of her helper . That she had not been served with any Court pleadings and her children who  intermingle with the Plaintiff/Respondent  and are more involved with the land were also not served by the Plaintiff/ Respondent .

 That the Plaintiff/Respondent lives and has constructed on L.R LOC1/Kiunyu/401, which does not belong to him  and he has no land on his own and therefore  no locus standi to claim the land. That the Plaintiff/ Respondent does not farm or till the suit property   and no survey report has been produced to depict what size of his house has encroached on her land. That it is only fair and just that all parties are given an opportunity to present their evidence. That she has an arguable case and prays that the Court grants her a chance to ventilate her case.

 The Application is opposed and the Plaintiff/Respondent swore a Replying Affidavit on 22^nd November 2021, and averred that at the time of instituting the suit, the suit property L.R 512  was in existence and registered in the name of the Defendant/ Applicant. Further that at the time of instituting the suit,  there were no title deeds issued  to reflect the mutation  of the suit property as alleged  and that the Defendant/ Applicant was at all times aware of the  suit. That he is in occupation of L.R 401 which belonged to his late mother Jane Wanja  Karuru,  which property is adjacent to L.R 512  and the portion which he has occupied. That the claim for Adverse possession was necessitated by the destructive actions of the Defendant, who invaded the portion he was occupying, wishing to have him vacate. That although he was aware  his property  encroached  on to the  Defendant’s/ Applicant’s land,  he has resided on the said portion for over 20 years  and the Defendants/ Applicant has never had an issue or demanded that he vacate. That following the Defendant’s/ Applicant’s destructive actions, his  Advocates advised him that he had a claim for  Adverse possession  for that specific portion  and advised him to carry out a valuation. That his claim is proper and the Defendant/Applicant concluded the subdivision of the suit property on 28^th April 2021, to defeat execution of the Decree.

 The Application was canvassed by way of written submissions which the Court has carefully read and considered. The Court has also carefully read and considered the pleadings by the parties, the  annextures thereto and the  relevant provisions of law and renders itself as follows;-

 The   Plaintiff/ Applicant in his Application seeks to execute the Judgment of  the  Court dated 30^th November 2020. However, the Defendant/ Applicant in her Application dated 26^th October 2021, seeks to set aside the said Judgment. The Court must then first determine whether the Defendant/Applicant has met the threshold for setting aside the Ex Parte Judgment, before it can consider the Application for execution of the said exparte Judgement.

 An Exparte Judgment was delivered on 30^Th  November 2020 by  Lady Justice  J.G Kemei,  who has since been transferred to Thika ELC. Order 45 Rule 2 of the Civil Procedure Rules provides to whom Applications for review may be made. It provides that;

(1) An application for review of a decree or order of a court, upon some ground other than the discovery of such new and important matter or evidence as is referred to in rule 1, or the existence of a clerical or arithmetical mistake or error apparent on the face of the decree, shall be made only to the judge who passed the decree, or made the order sought to be reviewed.

(2)   If the judge who passed the decree or made the order is no longer attached to the court, the application may be heard by any other judge who is attached to that court at the time the application comes for hearing.

The Court is thus vested with the requisite jurisdiction to determine the Application before it.  The jurisdiction of the court to review and set aside its decisions is wide and unfettered. In Shah…Vs.. Mbogo and Another [1967] EA 116 the Court of Appeal of East Africa held that:

“This discretion (to set aside ex parte proceedings or decision) is intended so to be exercised to avoid injustice or hardship resulting from accident, inadvertence, or excusable mistake or error, but is not designed to assist a person who has deliberately sought, whether by evasion or otherwise, to obstruct or delay the course of justice.” 

The provisions of law  with regards to setting aside  ex parte orders are to be found under Order 12 Rule 7 of the Civil Procedure Rules provides:-

"Where under this Order judgment has been entered or the suit has been dismissed, the court, on application, may set aside or vary the judgment or order upon such terms as may be just."

Further the provision is buttressed by Order 51 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules which provides:-

"The court may set aside an order made ex parte"

The Court has discretion to set aside or not to set aside an exparte judgment.  Such discretion must be exercised judiciously.  In deciding whether to set aside or not, the Court is guided by the decision of the Court of Appeal in the case of James Kanyiita Nderitu & Another [2016] eKLR,  where the court of Appeal stated thus:

 “From the outset, it cannot be gainsaid that a distinction has always existed between a default judgement that is regularly entered and one which is irregularly entered. In a regular default judgement, the defendant will have been duly served with summons to enter appearance or to file defence, resulting in default judgment. Such a defendant is entitled, under order 10 rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Rules, to move the court to set aside the default judgement and to grant him leave to defend the suit. In such a scenario, the court has unfettered discretion in determining whether or not to set aside default judgment, and will take into account such factors as the reason for failure of the defendant to file his memorandum of appearance or defence, as the case may be; the length of time that has elapsed since the default judgment was entered; whether the intended defence raises triable issues; the respective prejudice each party is likely to suffer and whether on the whole it is in the interest of justice to set aside the default judgment, among others. See Mbogo & Another –vs- Shah (1968) EA 98, Patel –vs- E.A. Cargo Handling services Ltd (1975) E.A. 75, Chemwolo & Another –vs- Kubende (1986) KLR 492 and CMC Holdings –vs- Nzioka [2004] I KLR 173.

 In an irregular default judgment, on the other hand; judgment will have been entered against a defendant who has not been served or properly served with summons to enter appearance. In such a situation, the default judgment is set aside ex debito justiae, as a matter of right. The court does not even have to be moved by a party once it comes to its notice that the judgment is irregular; it can set aside the default judgment on its own motion. In addition, the court will not venture into considerations of whether the intended defence raises triable issue or whether there has been inordinate delay in applying to set aside the irregular judgment. The reason why such judgment is set aside as of right, and not as a matter of discretion, is because the party against whom it is entered has been condemned without notice of the allegations against him or an opportunity to be heard in response to those allegations. The right to be heard before an adverse decision is taken against a person is fundamental and permeates our entire justice system.”

However, before the court can set aside its ex-parte decision or proceedings, it is trite law that it must consider whether the applicant has any Defence which raises triable issues. In Patel v East Africa Cargo Handling Services Ltd (1974) EA 75  Duffus P. held that:

"The main concern of the court is to do justice to the parties and the court will not impose conditions on itself to fetter the wide discretion given to it by the rules. I agree that where it is a regular judgement as is the case here the court will not usually set aside the judgement unless it is satisfied that there is a defence on the merits. In this respect defence on merits, does not mean in my view, a defence that must succeed, it means as SHERIDAN J. put it "a triable issue" that is an issue which raises a prima facie defence and which should go to trial for adjudication."

With the above in mind, the Court will proceed to make a determination on whether there is sufficient cause to set aside the  Ex parte Judgment herein.

The Defendant / Applicant has contended that she was never served with the Summons to Enter Appearance and or the Originating Summons. To rebut the said allegations, the Plaintiff /Respondent has annexed to his Replying Affidavit, the Affidavits of Service to show that the  Defendant/ Applicant was indeed served. The Court has carefully gone through the said Affidavits of Service and notes that the first Affidavit of Service and which is also in the Court proceedings is the one sworn on 15^th July 2019, by a Process Server one Amos Chege  Kanoga. The Court notes that the said Affidavit of Service captures major details.   However, the said Affidavit does not indicate how the Process server was able to Identify the Defendant/ Applicant. Order 5 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules provides that;

(1) The serving officer in all cases in which summons has been served under any of the foregoing rules of this Order shall swear and annex or cause to be annexed to the original summons an affidavit of service stating the time when and the manner in which summons was served and the name and address of the person (if any) identifying the person served and witnessing the delivery or tender of summons. The affidavit of service shall be in Form No 4 of Appendix A with such variations as circumstances may require.

 In all the subsequent Affidavits of Service, the said process server does not indicate how he was able to identify the Defendant / Applicant apart from that the fact that he had served her before. In the absence of such identification even with the detailed Affidavits of Service, the Court is unable to find that there was proper service. In the absence of proper service, the Court finds and holds that there is no regular judgment on record.

 Assuming there was a regular Judgment on record, the Court would still be called upon to determine whether there was sufficient cause, whether the Application is brought without undue delay and whether there is a triable Defence on record.

The Application was filed on 26^th October 2021. However, the Defendants/ Applicant has not stated the exact date that she became aware of the Decree. The Court has perused the draft Replying Affidavit to the Originating Summons and finds that the same raises triable issue as there are issues as to whether the suit property exists at the time of filing the claim herein and the  acreages of the  portion that the Plaintiff/ Respondent seeks to acquire by way of Adverse Possession.

Therefore, this Court finds and holds that the Defendant/ Applicant has met the threshold for setting aside of the Ex Parte Judgment, that delivered by this Court on 30^th November, 2020.

On whether the Application by the Plaintiff/ Applicant  dated 17^th August  2021 is merited, the Court finds and holds that having set aside  the Ex parte Judgment that was entered against the Defendant herein, then this application by the Plaintiff is rendered nugatory and the same is found not merited.

Having carefully considered the two applications herein and the written submissions together with the relevant provisions of Law, the Court finds and holds that the Defendant’s/Applicant’s Notice of Motion Application dated 26^th October 2021, is merited and the same is allowed entirely with costs.

In regard to the Plaintiff’s/Applicant’s Notice of Motion Application dated 17^th August 2021, the same is found not merited and it is dismissed entirely with costs to the Defendant/Respondent.

 It is so ordered

DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY AT MURANG’A THIS 24TH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 2022.

L. GACHERU

JUDGE

Delivered online

In the presence of;

M/s Wanjira H/B for Mr Gachau for the Plaintiff/Applicant/Respondent

Mr Kanyi Kiruchi for the Defendant/Respondent/Applicant

Kuiyaki - Court Assistant

L. GACHERU

JUDGE