REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT ELDORET

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 62 OF 2018

FESTUS YEGON..............................................................APPELLANT

VERSUS

REPUBLIC........................................................................DEFENDANT

(Being an appeal from the sentence in Criminal Case No. 2506 of 2018

at the Senior Principal Magistrate's Court, Kapsabet (Hon. P. Wasike, RM)

dated 9 August 2018)

JUDGMENT

[1] The Appellant, Festus Yegon, was initially charged before the lower court with of the offence of assault causing actual bodily harm contrary to Section 251 of the Penal Code, Chapter 63 of the Laws of Kenya. The particulars of the charge were that on the 27^th day of June 2018 at Chemamul Location within Nandi County, he unlawfully assaulted Elkana Serem by hitting him with a stick on the head, thereby occasioning him actual bodily harm. He denied those allegations; and as the complainant was still admitted in hospital at the time of plea, the facts were deferred for the exact condition of the complainant to be confirmed. The Appellant was in the meantime granted a bond of Kshs. 100,000/= with one surely in like sum.

[2]  Thereafter, on the 19 July 2018, the Charge of assault was substituted with grievous harm, contrary to section 234 of the Penal Code. The Charge as substituted was again read over and explained to the accused person and he maintained his plea of not guilty. The matter was then fixed for hearing on 4 October 2018. However, when he attended court for mention on 27 July 2018, he, of his own volition, opted for a change of plea to one of guilty. The matter was stood over to 2 August 2018 when the Charge of grievous harm and all its elements was again read over and explained to the Appellant in Kiswahili language; and he admitted the same along with the facts in support. The Appellant was thus convicted on his own plea and was, on 9 August 2018, sentenced to serve 6 years’ imprisonment.

[3]    Being aggrieved by the sentence, the Appellant promptly lodged this appeal on 20 August 2018 raising the following grounds:

[a] That the learned trial magistrate erred in law and in fact in disbelieving that he was a first offender and was extremely

[b] That the learned trial magistrate erred in law and in fact in not including the option of fine in lieu of custodial sentence, yet the offence has the option of fine;

[c] That the learned trial magistrate erred in law and in fact in not taking into account that there was amicable reconciliation with the victim; and that the same ought to have been taken into account before the sentencing;

[4]  Accordingly, the Appellant prayed that, whereas his conviction was lawful, the sentence be set aside on the grounds that it is illegal. He further prayed that a re-trial be ordered before a different magistrate. With the leave of the Court (Hon. Githinji, J.) the Appellant filed what he termed Amended Mitigation Appeal Grounds on the 25 October 2018 to the effect that:

[a]  He pleaded guilty to the offence and is extremely remorseful to the Court and the complainant and has since learnt a lesson in prison that criminal offences are bad;

[b] He beseeches the Court to grant him a second opportunity for a Probation Report to be filed so that his custodial sentence can be substituted with probation;

[c]  He be given an option of fine in lieu of the custodial sentence.

[5] The Appellant urged his appeal by way of written submissions filed herein on 3 December 2018. He expressed remorse for the offence and stated that he was drunk at the time. He reiterated his stance that his appeal is only against sentence and urged the Court to consider the mitigating circumstances pleaded by him and reconsider the sentence by calling for a fresh probation officer’s report.

[6] The appeal was opposed by Learned Counsel for the State, Ms. Mumu. She pointed out that Section 234 of the Penal Code provides for life imprisonment and therefore sought to persuade the Court that the sentence passed on the Appellant was very lenient. Counsel also urged the Court to note that the learned trial magistrate called for a Probation Officer’s Report before sentencing the Appellant; and therefore, that his appeal is lacking in merit and ought to be dismissed.

[7]    I have carefully considered the appeal, the grounds relied on by the Appellant as well as the submissions made herein in respect thereof. It is manifest, not only from the lower court record, but also from this appeal that the Appellant’s plea of guilty was unequivocal; and that the learned trial magistrate complied well with the provisions of Section 207 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Chapter 75 of the Laws of Kenya and the steps enunciated in the case of Adan vs. Republic. Indeed, the Appellant was categorical that his appeal is confined to the 6-year sentence imposed on him by the lower court. That is as it should be, for Section 348 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Chapter 75 of the Laws of Kenya is explicit that:

 “No appeal shall be allowed in the case of an accused person who has pleaded guilty and has been convicted on that plea by    a subordinate court, except as to the extent and legality of the sentence.”

[8]  And, with regard to the provision aforestated, it was held in Olel v Republic [1989] KLR 444, that:

“Having considered the submissions by both learned counsel on the interpretation of section 348 ... we have come to the conclusion that where the plea is clearly an unequivocal plea of guilty, an appeal against conviction cannot lie.  The section itself is quite clear on that and permits of no confusion or difficulty in its interpretation. It does not merely limit the right of appeal but bars it completely in cases of an unequivocal plea of guilt. That is the fact of what the marginal note also states..."

[9]  It is trite law that an appellate court will only interfere with a sentence if certain factors, clearly spelt out in the case of Ogalo s/o Owuora vs. Republic [1954] 21 EACA 270, exist. In the stated case the court held:

“The principles upon which an appellate court will act in exercising its jurisdiction to review sentence are fairly established. The court does not alter a sentence on the mere ground than if the member of the court had been trying the appellant, they might have passed a somewhat different sentence and it will not ordinarily interfere with the discretion exercised by a trial judge unless as was said in James v Republic [1950] 18 EACA 147, it is evident that the judge has acted upon some wrong principle or overlooked some material factor. To this we would also add a third criterion namely that he sentence is manifestly excessive in view of the circumstances of the case.”

[10]  With the foregoing principles in mind, I have looked at Section 234 of the Penal Code, pursuant to which the sentence of 6 years was imposed by the lower court, provides that:

"Any person who unlawfully does grievous harm to another is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for life."

[11]  A perusal of the lower court record shows that the complainant suffered severe injuries and had to be transferred from Kapsabet County Hospital to Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital for a more specialized management. A head CT Scan report dated 29 June 2018 that was presented before the lower court revealed the following:

[a]  There were hyperdense lesions within the right and left parietal lobes, especially on the left side;

[b]  There was a lesion on the right occipital region of the head, indicative of perilesional oedema;

[c]  The density of the lesion was consistent with fresh blood.

[12]  Thus, the impression formed by the Consultant Radiologist, Dr. Kiyeng, who prepared the aforementioned report was that the features noted were indicative of intracerebral haemorrhage, especially on the left side; though there was no evidence of skull fracture. The Discharge Summary prepared at Kapsabet County Referral Hospital also showed that the complainant required speech therapy and physiotherapy.  By 12 July 2018 when the P3 Form was filled, the complainant still experienced weakness on both his upper and lower limbs as well as difficulty in swallowing.

[13]  Thus taking into account the nature and extent of the complainant’s injuries, it cannot be said that the sentence passed by the lower court was disproportionate. It is noteworthy that the learned trial magistrate called for a Probation Officer’s Report and that it was found to be unfavourable to the Appellant. It is also evident that the learned trial magistrate took into account the relevant factors, including the fact that the complainant’s condition had significantly improved; and that he was able to talk by the time the sentence was passed. He also took into consideration what the Appellant had to say in mitigation. In the circumstance, since the offence of grievous harm carries up to life imprisonment, it cannot be said that the sentence of 6 years imprisonment without the option of fine is illegal as was urged by the Appellant. To the contrary, it was lenient granted the gravity of the offence.

[14]  Thus, there being no demonstration that the trial court acted on some wrong principle, or that it overlooked some material factor; or even that the sentences passed against the Appellant are manifestly excessive, I would confirm the sentence of 6 years imprisonment imposed on the Appellant and accordingly dismiss his appeal.

It is so ordered.

DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT ELDORET THIS 17^TH DAY OF OCTOBER, 2019

OLGA SEWE

JUDGE