REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT CHUKA

CONSTITUTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS DIVISION

CONSTITUTIONAL PETITION NO.  4 OF 2019

IN THE MATTER OF ARTICLES 22(1) OF THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA

AND

IN THE MATTER OF ALLEGED CONTRAVENTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND

FREEDOM UNDER ARTICLES 1 (1) (b), 1 (4)(b), 2(1), 3(1), 10, 19, 20, 21 (1), 22, 23,

27, 28, 40, 47, 232(1) (d) (e) and 258 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA 2010

AND

IN THE MATTER OF BREACH OF THE RIGHT TO FAIR ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION

AND

IN THE MATTER OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT CO-ORDINATION ACT, 2013,

AND

IN THE MATTER OF COUNTY GOVERNMENTS0   ACT, 2012

BETWEEN

ISAAC MUGO................................................................................................1^ST PETITIONER

BERNARD NYAGA......................................................................................2^ND PETITIONER

EUSTACE MUTURI.....................................................................................3^RD PETITIONER

GEOFFREY K. WAMUGWETWA.............................................................4^TH PETITIONER

JAPHET MICHENI NJERU........................................................................5^TH PETITIONER

JASPHER M. NJERU.................................................................................6^TH PETITIONER

SILAS MUTEGI..........................................................................................7^TH PETITIONER

SABASTIAN N. NJOKA............................................................................8^TH PETITIONER

JOSEPH MBUBA MIRIBA.....................................................................9^TH PETITIONER

JUSTUS N. M'NGITUNG'A.................................................................10^TH PETITIONER

NATHAN KEA IBURIA........................................................................11^TH PETITIONER

ERASTUS K. NKUNE...........................................................................12^TH PETITIONER

SAMUEL MUTEGI KIUNGO.............................................................13^TH PETITIONER

JOSEPH MBUBA..................................................................................14^TH PETITIONER

VERSUS

DR. FRED OKENGO MATIANG'I,                                                                                      

THE CABINET SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR AND                                    

COORDINATION OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.......................1^ST RESPONDENT

THE HONOURABLE ATTORNEY GENERAL...............................2^ND RESPONDENT

AND

INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARY                                                            

COMMISSION OF KENYA.....................................................1^ST INTERESTED PARTY

LUANO MUGAMBI KIANIA................................................2^ND INTERESTED PARTY

PATRICK NYAGA...................................................................3^RD INTERESTED PARTY

LEXIOUS NJAGI MUNENE..................................................4^TH INTERESTED PARTY

KAMWARA KIJIU...................................................................5^TH INTERESTED PARTY

MWIKAMBA KARANJA........................................................6^TH INTERESTED PARTY

ANDREW NYAGA....................................................................7^TH INTERESTED PARTY

GILBERT MAINGI.................................................................8^TH INTERESTED PARTY

EVERINO K. NGUMOKO.....................................................9^TH INTERESTED PARTY

CHARLES KIRIMO...............................................................10^TH INTERESTED PARTY

MICHENI KATHENYA.........................................................11^TH INTERESTED PARTY

MUGO M'ITHARA................................................................12^TH INTERESTED PARTY

NJUKI KAMUMO..................................................................13^TH INTERESTED PARTY

GILBERT KAMWARA...........................................................14^TH INTERESTED PARTY

BASILINA CIANTHWA.........................................................15^TH INTERESTED PARTY

EUSTUS MUNENE.................................................................16^TH INTERESTED PARTY

EDIEL MWITI MICHAEL....................................................17^TH INTERESTED PARTY

AUSTIN M NGAINE..............................................................18^TH INTERESTED PARTY

MARK NJUE..............................................................................19^TH INTERESTED PARY

R U L I N G

1. Before me is a Notice of Motion dated 23^rd July 2019 brought by RUFUS  KUBAI DANIEL and 7 others (hereinafter to be referred to as the  applicants) under Sections 1A, 1B, and 3A Civil Procedure Act and Rules  10(2), (4) and 14 of Civil Procedure Rule and Rule 7, 19 and 23 of the  Constitution of Kenya (Protection of Rights and Fundamental Freedoms)  Practice and Procedure Rules and any other enabling provisions of the law).  The Applicants are seeking the following reliefs namely;

i. Spent

ii. That they be joined as 19^th to 26^th Interested parties respectively.

iii. That costs be provided.

2. The grounds are listed as follows:-

i. That the Applicants are bona fide residents of Maara in Tharaka Nithi County and that the County is constituted of 3 main sub-tribes living in Chuka, Tharaka and Maara/Mwimbi.

ii. That the Applicants are elders who occupy portions of land that share ancestral boundaries with other sub tribes and that they have historical knowledge of the issues pertinent in the substantive petition herein.

iii. That some of the Applicants have worked as local administrators i.e Chiefs and some have been involved in boundary related dispute resolutions between the communities.

iv. That the determination of the dispute in this petition cannot be fairly determined in exclusion of any of the sub tribes and that the creation of  Igamba Ng'ombe Sub-County and delineation of its boundaries affects the Applicants and their rights.

v. That the Applicants have crucial information that will offer critical value for the expeditious determination and settlement of the dispute and help forestall any possible future dispute.

3. This application is supported by the affidavit of Rufus Kubai Daniel sworn  on 23^rd July 2019 where he has reiterated that he is an elder and  a retired  Chief of Kiera Location which he claims border Igamba Ng'ombe Sub- County.

4. He has further deposed that during his tenure as a Chief he was involved in  conflict resolutions of boundary disputes between Mutino and Magumoni on  either side of Maara and Tharaka.  He also states that he is conversant with  the boundary demarcations between various regions of the community and  has valuable information in that regard.

5. He further depones that the dispute herein is of public nature which  requires inclusive and objective approach- which the Applicants feel they  can provide.  They are on that basis seeking to be enjoined in this matter.

6. The Applicants have termed the opposition of their Application selfish  arguing that they have an important input in this petition and that the  Respondents are only interested in denying a deserving party from  contributing to a matter of great public interest.

7. Albano Mugambi Kiama, the 2^nd Interested Party has on behalf of other  Interested Parties has opposed this application through a  Replying Affidavit  sworn on 30^th July 2019.  He opines that  the Applicants have not  demonstrated that they have a legitimate interest in this  petition or that their  joinder would add any value.

8. The 2^nd to 18^th Interested Party contend that the Applicants are residents of  Maara Sub-County and that the petition does not affect Maara Sub-County  in any manner. 

9. They further contend that the reason that the Applicants are from a  neighbouring Sub-County cannot be used as a basis to be enjoined or else all  other nieghbouring Sub-Counties to Igamba Ng'ombe  would equally be  entitled to join which would in their view conflate the issues in this petition.

10. The 2^nd to 18^th Interested Party have faulted the Applicants by not  exhibiting the crucial information in their possession and show the relevance  of the same in determination of this petition.  They further contend that the  claim of non-partnership can only be done by an amicus curiae and that the  Applicants have not sought to be  enjoined in that manner.

11. They further contend that the petition has nothing to do with delineation of  tribal boundaries and that the tribal connotations replete in the application in  their view confirm that the  Applicants are only out to pursue tribal interests  without any justifiable legal basis to seek joinder to the petition herein.

12. They submit that under Order 1 Rule 10(2) of the Civil Procedure Rule a  Party must demonstrate their necessity to be enjoined in  a suit and that the  Applicants herein have failed  in that regard.  It is contended that having  been involved in boundary related disputes affecting sub tribes of Chuka,  Maara and Tharaka has, to them, no relevance to the issues before court  arguing that merely being a neighbour does not suffice.

13. They have cited a decision in the case of Trusted Society of Human Rights  Alliance -vs- Mumo Matemu & 5 Others [2013] eKLR where the court  stated  that an Interested Party is someone who has stake in the proceedings  will be affected by the court's decision and his interests will not be well  articulated unless he himself appears in the proceedings.

14. They have further cited the supreme decision in Francis Muruatetu and  another -vs- Republic and 5 Others [2016] eKLR where the Supreme Court  determined that for a party to be enjoined in court proceedings he/she must  demonstrate precisely what his/her interests are and show prejudice they  would suffered if not included.

15. The 1^st and 2^nd Respondents have equally opposed this application vide  grounds of opposition filed on 31^st July 2019.  They contend that the  application have not met the threshold for grant of orders sought.  They have  faulted the Applicants for not showing what prejudice they stand to suffer if  they are not brought on board stating that their allegations are not supported  by any evidence. 

16.  They further contend that the Applicants have not shown the relevance  would  they bring to the proceedings  pending herein.  It is further contended  that  the expression that creation of new administrative units  will cause  clashes and disharmony in the area is alarmist  and unfounded.

17. In their written submissions the 1^st and 2^nd Respondents have cited the  decisions in Raila Amolo Odinga -vs- IEBC [2017] eKLR and Mumo  Matemu case (supra) to support their contention that the Applicants have  not satisfied any of the conditions set in the above two decisions which are:

a) Demonstration of any prejudice the intended Interested Party may suffer if not included.

b) Grounds or facts/evidence they wish to advance.

c) Show or demonstrate the relevance of the grounds/facts or evidence to the proceedings pending and their usefulness in determination of the matter

18. Analysis and Determination

 This court has considered this application and the grounds upon which it has  been made.  I have also considered the responses made.  A joinder of a party  to civil proceedings pending in court is provided  both under Order 1 Rule  10(1) Civil Procedure Rule and Rule 7 of the Constitution of Kenya  (Protection of Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) Practice and Procedure  Rules 2013 commonly referred to as Mutunga Rules.

19. Under both the above provisions, a joinder of party or party is a matter of  discretion by court.  Under the cited civil procedure Rules a court is given  discretion to join a party if it finds that the party was inadvertedly excluded  or it is necessary for  the determination of the real matter in dispute. Under  the Mutunga Rules the 'Interested Party' is defined under Rule 2 as;

   " a person or entity that has an identifiable stake or legal interest or   duty in the proceedings before  the court but is not a party to the    proceedings or may not be directly in the litigation."

 Rule 7 of the said rules provides that a person may with leave of court may  oral or written application to be joined as an Interested Party.  A court can  also on its own motion join any Interested Party to the proceedings before it.

19. The legal provisions above gives this court latitude in determining if and  whether a party has a cognizable stake in the proceedings pending before it  and therefore should be enjoined.  In exercising this discretion a number of  guiding principles have been emerged through various court decisions some  of which have been cited by the Respondents in this Application.  In  Communication Commission of Kenya and 4 Others -vs- Royal Media  Services Ltd and 7 Others [2014] eKLR the Supreme Court made the  following observations:-

  " In determining whether the Applicant should be admitted into    these proceedings as an Interested Party, we are guided by this    court's decision in Mumo Matemu case where the court at     paragraph  14 & 18) held;

  "[An] Interested Party is one who has a stake in the proceedings    though he or she was not a party to the cause ab initio.  He or she is    one who will be affected by the decision of the court when it is made,   either way.  Such a person feels that his or her interest will not be    well articulated unless he himself or herself appears in the     proceedings and champions his or her case."

 Similarly in the case of Mewe -vs- Republic [2004[ 1 EA 124 the High  Court observed that a party could be enjoined in a matter for the reason that;

i. Joinder of a person because his presence will result in the complete settlement of all question involved in the proceedings

ii. Joinder to provide protection for the rights of a party who would otherwise be adversely affected.

iii. Joinder to prevent a likely course of proliferated litigation.  We ask ourselves the following  questions:-

a) What is the intended party's stake and relevance in the proceedings.

b) Will the intended Interested Party suffer any prejudice if denied joinder?"

20. The petition herein seeks several reliefs mostly aimed at stopping the  creation of Igambang'ombe Sub-County which they claim is imposed on the  administrative boundaries of Chuka and was done without public  participation and therefore unconstitutional.

21. The Applicants herein claim that they are from a neighbouring Sub-County  of Maara.  They have not stated or demonstrated how the creation of  lgambang'ombe will affect them.  They have not stated that as residents of  Maara they would be adversely or negatively affected by the creation of  another Sub-County to be known as Igambangombe.  Furthermore though  they claim to have valuable information in solving boundary related  disputes, they have not exhibited the information they posses so that this  court can determine whether the information is really valuable and important  in the determination of the dispute pending in Court.  The question therefore  remain what is this "critical information" that the Applicants so  confidently claim they posses that they cannot reveal? In applications of this  nature as we have seen from the authorities cited above, a party applying to  be enjoined in proceedings in court must demonstrate the nature and the   relevance of the information it has before its application for joinder can be  considered favourably.

22. In this application, the Applicants say they are residents of Maara, and elders  for that matter and this court cannot ignore the fact  that at times elders can  have solutions to conflicts in a given region.  However in the just concluded  census the total population of Tharaka Nithi is slightly over 393,000 people.   Without doubt, all persons of this County may be interested in the  happenings of their County.  That however does not mean that they can all e  enjoined in this petition because each would want to make a contribution.   Court proceedings are not a public participation exercise.  A party must  show that it has an identifiable stake in the proceedings and can add value to  the determination of the petition in a way that  none of the parties already in  the proceedings can. This  is the guiding principle in the above cited cases  and more specifically in the decision of Francis Karioko Muruatetu &  Another -vs- Republic & 5 Others [2016] eKLR where the court held as  follows:-

  "i. The personal interest or stake that a party has in the matter must be set out in the application.  The interest must be clearly identifiable and must be proximate enough to stand apart from anything that is merely peripheral.

ii. The prejudice to be suffered by the Interested Party in case  of non-joinder must also be demonstrated to the satisfacton of the court.  It must also be clearly outlined and not something remote.

iii. Lastly a party must in its application set out the case and/or submissions it intends to make before the court, and demonstrate the relevance of those submissions.  It should also demonstrate that these submissions are not merely a replication of what other parties will be making before the court."

23. Going by the  above guiding principles, the present Applicants in my view  have failed to meet the threshold required to be enjoined as interested  parties.  Apart from failing to show the nature of the information they claim  to hold, they have also failed to demonstrate how the determination of this  petition will affect them or how they will be prejudiced if they are not  enjoined in the proceedings  pending before this court.  It is not enough to  just state that the  creation of Igambang'ombe Sub-County will affect socio- economic and political interests of Applicants.  The law however required to  show some identifiable stake or legal interest or duty in the  petition herein  and demonstrate how they will be prejudiced in order to invoke the exercise  of this court's discretion.

24. The petitioners had no objection to the applicants being enjoined and infact  told this court through counsel that they are glad that the Applicants are  joining them.  However determination of a matter in court is not about  numbers,  it is about the facts and the law.  So if the petitioners feels they  can make do with additional "crucial" information from any of the  Applicants or any other witness for that matter nothing prevents them from  calling such witnesses or adducing such information as they opine will  assist/foster their cause.

25. This court is not persuaded that the Applicants  herein have adequately made  a case to be enjoined as Interested Parties.  The Application dated 23^rd July  2019 lacks in merit and is disallowed.  Costs in the cause.

 Dated, signed and delivered at Chuka this 12^th day of November, 2019.

R.K. LIMO

JUDGE

 12/11/2019

 Ruling signed, dated and delivered in the open court in presence of  Otieno  for Petitioner, Bundi holding brief for Mbogo for 1^st Interested Party Kariuki  for 2^nd to 19^th Interested Party and Kungu for 1^st and 2^nd Respondents.

R.K. LIMO

JUDGE

12/11/2019