REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA
AT NAIROBI (MILIMANI COMMERCIAL COURTS)

SOUTHERN CREDIT BANKING CORPORATION LIMITED …….……..PLAINTIFF

VERSUS

KINGSWAY TYRES & AUTO MART LTD. ….......................……..1^ST DEFENDANT

NAKUMATT HOLDINGS LIMITED ……...………......................…2^ND DEFENDANT

COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS & EXCISE ..…….....................3^RD DEFENDANT

KINGSWAY MOTORS LIMITED ………………......................…...4^TH DEFENDANT

JUDGEMENT

The Plaintiff agreed to make an advance of Kshs.16,675,000.00 to Shah Motors Limited  a customer of the Plaintiff which was secured by the deposit with the Plaintiff of certified copies of shipping documents relating to 29 Kia motor vehicles imported by the 4^th Defendant.  The documents are in evidence.  The loan was duly made and advanced on the 23.7.1996 as appears from the debit entry in the statement of account relating to Shah Motors Limited.  Of the vehicles 15 were sold and the proceeds of sale paid to the Plaintiff.  Sometime in 1999 the Shahs of Shah Motors Ltd. Left Kenya owing debts to amongst others the Plaintiff.  It seeks by way of relief from:-

a)    The 3^rd defendant;

(i)         A permanent injunction restraining the 3^rd defendant, its servant and/or agents from releasing the suit vehicles listed in paragraph 13 above  to the 1^st and/or 2^nd defendants, their servants and/or agents or any persons whatsoever other than the plaintiffs. 

(ii)       A mandatory injunction compelling the 3^rd defendant its servants and/or agents to release the suit vehicles aforesaid to the plaintiffs.

b)  As against the 1^st, 2^nd and 4^th defendants jointly and severally;

(i)         A permanent injunction restraining the 1^st and 2^nd defendants their servants and/or agents from receiving, holding, transferring, charging, selling or in any way whatsoever dealing with the vehicles listed in paragraph 13 above. 

(ii)       A mandatory injunction compelling the 1^st and 2^nd defendants to release the suit vehicles aforesaid to the plaintiffs.

(iii)      Special damages as set out in paragraph 19 above.

c)    Costs and interest of the suit.

d)    Any other or further order that this honourable court may dim fit to grant the plaintiff.

The 2^nd Defendant agreed to purchase 13 Kia vehicles from the 4^th  Defendant in July 1996 and inspected the vehicles in the 4th Defendant’s Godown.  The 2^nd Defendant was given certified copies of documents of importation and paid for the cars the agreed price of Kshs.9,970,000.00.  the 2^nd Defendant then took possession of the vehicles which are still in its godown.  The vehicles were not registered in its name because of the dispute, which has arisen in this case.

In 1996 Shah Motors Limited wanting to buy the 29 Kia cars asked the 1^st Defendant for a pro forma invoice for the vehicles to enable them to get finance facilities from its bank.  Later the 1^st Defendant provided Shah Motors Limited with certified copies of the importation documents relating to the vehicles.  The vehicles were kept in the 4^th  Defendant’s godown and given to Shah Motors Limited against payment.  The 4^th  Defendant was not aware that Shah Motors Limited had taken a loan for the whole value of the 29 vehicles nor was the same given to the 1^st Defendant.

One important piece of evidence which I allowed to be produced were two faxes sent in the name of Kingsway Motors both dated the 18^th July, 1996 which are identical in their terms.  One is sent from Touring Cars (Kenya) Ltd and the other from Kingsway Motors Show room both appear to be signed by Manish Shah the Executive Chairman of the 1^st Defendant. 

The text of the fax is as follows:-

      :TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

      This is to confirm that 29 (TWENTY NINE) unites of KIA “PRIDE” passenger cars bearing the following Chassis and Engine Nos. have since been sold to M/S SHAH MOTORS LIMITED, Nairobi and payment received.    

No.            Chassis No.    ENGINE NO.

      1,              067110         531963

      2.              067360         531958

      3.              063662         533313

      4.              063750         533323

      5.              063798         533326

      6.              063964         533325        

      7.              069037         533483

      8.              069063         533485

      9.              069064         533493

      10             069098         533656

      11             069099         533497

      12             069120         533782

      13             069139         533784

      14             069166         533640

      15             069167         533634

      16             069202         533499

      17             069235         533490

      18             069266         533495

      19             069267         533494

      20             069300         533633

      21             069301         533496

      22             069366         533492

      23             069369         533489

      24             069402         533771

      25             069433         533766

      26             069434         533638

      27             069468         533765

      28             069469         533767

      29             069334         533491

All the relevant documents for the above have also been handed over to M/s Shah Motors. “

In his evidence Mr. Manish Shah denied that the signature on the faxes was his.  He did not know who signed it.  That Touring Cars (Kenya) Limited was a company near to the Shah Motors Limited and the fax was sent at 11.19 a.m. whereas the fax from Kingsway Motors Show room was sent at 9.45 a.m.  He also denied that the invoice of the 19.7.98 also faxed to the Plaintiff was genuine.  In his view it was not possible to say that payment had been received on the 18^th July 1996 and the next day send an invoice for the same amount.  At the request of the court he produced the original shipping documents which were in the 4^th  Defendant’s possession.

There is a difference if one vehicle between the 14 vehicles which the 1^st Defendant alleges were not bought by Shah Motors Limited and the 13 vehicles sold to the 2^nd Defendant.  This vehicle was the subject matter of proceedings in HCCC No.31 of 1998 in which the Plaintiff herein obtained judgement against the 4^th Defendant herein in an action for conversion based on the fact that the 4^th Defendant had sold this vehicle to Athi Mining Company Limited whilst it was secured to the Plaintiff.

Having heard the evidence, I find that the Plaintiff agreed to make the loan on the strength of the representations by Shah Motors Limited that it had purchased 29 vehicles from the 4^th Defendant and the depositing with them of certified copies of the import documents in respect of the vehicles.  They were further persuaded that the vehicles belonged to Shah Motors Limited by virtue of the two faxes referred to above as well as the invoice of the 19.7.96. 

On the other hand I accept the evidence of Mr. Manesh Shah for the 4^th Defendant that the arrangement with Shah Motors Limited was that it had right to purchase up to 29 of the vehicles imported on the basis that title would be transferred to Shah Motors Limited as and when payment was made at any particular time, when the original documents of imports would be made available so that the vehicle could be registered in the name of Shah Motors Limited or as it directed.

I further accept the evidence of Mr. Manesh Shah that the two faxes and invoices referred to above did not emanate from the 4^th Defendant.  Firstly there were two faxes one purporting to have been sent by a third party which was identical to that purporting to be sent by the 4^th Defendant.  The contents of these faxes was untrue as it stated the 29 vehicles listed had been sold to Shah Motors Limited and payment had been made. 

I find that the arrangement was as stated by Mr. Manesh Shah that the vehicle being bought would be given to Shah Motors Limited with the original documents relating to the vehicle when payment was received.  As the vehicles the subject matter of this suit had not been paid for by Shah Motors Limited the title in the vehicles had not passed to Shah Motors Limited and as such it had no property in those vehicles to charge or pledge to the Plaintiff.

This is a case where it is necessary to determine which of two innocent parties should suffer.  In the case of Lick Barrow v Mason & others [1775 – 1802] ALL ER Ashhust CJ stated:-

“We may lit it down as a broad general principle that whenever one of the two innocent persons must suffer by the acts of a third, he who has enabled such third person to occasion the loss must sustain it.” 

In this case the 2^nd Defendant was an innocent purchaser of the vehicles and had no reason to believe that the 4^th Defendant had a right to sell the same.  By the same token the Plaintiff was, as I find, duped into lending money to Shah Motors Limited on the basis of a pack of lies told by them to the Plaintiff.  It was not true as I find that Shah Motors Limited had paid for 14 of the said vehicles and further it was Shah Motors Limited who fabricated the two faxes and one invoice referred to above.  It may have been that someone employed by the 4^th Defendant was implicated in those false documents but that is not sufficient to pin liability on the 4^th Defendant.  In that respect there is no evidence whatsoever that the 4^th Defendant was involved.

Having found as I have, I dismiss the Plaintiff’s claim with costs to the Defendants. 

The Amended Defence and counterclaim contains a counterclaim by the 2^nd Defendant in respect of loss which is claims it has suffered as a result of the Plaintiff obtaining a restraining order stopping the 2^nd Defendant from registering the title to the vehicles in its name.  Apart from saying the 2^nd Defendant was paying storage charges no evidence was adduced to prove these charges or how much they were.  In the result the 2^nd Defendant has failed to prove its counterclaim, which is dismissed with costs.

Dated and delivered at Nairobi this 25^th day of  May, 2006.

P. J. RANSLEY

JUDGE