REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND LAND COURT

AT MIGORI

ELC CASE NO. 514  OF 2017 (O.S)

(Formely Kisii ELC Case No. 486  of 2013  (O.S))

KENNEDY OMONDI ALANDO............................PLAINTIFF

VERSUS

ENOCK OGWENO OCHOLA............................DEFENDANT

JUDGMENT

1. The suit property is LR NO. East Kasipul / Kojwach Kamoro / 433  approximately 2.2 hectares to which the plaintiff claims to have acquired title by adverse possession or prescription. By his Originating Summons dated 6^th December 2013, the Plaintiff through M/s Oguttu, Ochwangi, Ochwal & Co Advocates has sued the defendant for the following  reliefs:-

(1)  A declaration that the Defendant’s right to recover the whole  of the suit property is  barred under the Limitations of Actions Act Chapter 22 of  Laws of Kenya, and his title thereto extinguished on the grounds that the Plaintiff herein has  openly, peacefully and continuously been in occupation and possession of the aforesaid parcel of land for a period exceeding 20 years.

(2)  That there be an Order that the Plaintiff be registered as the  proprietor of the whole of the suit property in place of the Defendant.

(3)  That there be an Order restraining the Defendant by himself, agents, servants and/or employees from interfering with the  Plaintiff’s peaceful possession and occupation of the said parcel of land, that is, suit property land, in any manner whatsoever and/or howsoever.

(4)  The Deputy Registrar and/or the Executive Officer of the  Honourable High Court be directed and/or ordered to  execute the Transfer Instruments and all attendant documents, to facilitate the transfer and registration of the  suit property,  in favour of the Plaintiff, in the event of default by the Defendant to execute the necessary Transfer  Instruments.

(5)  Costs of this Originating Summons be borne by the Defendant.

(6)  Such further and/or other orders be made as the court may deem fit and expedient, in the circumstances of this case.

2. The Originating Summon is expressed under Order 37 Rules 7 and 14 of  the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 and Section 38 of the Limitation of Actions  Act (Cap 22). It is anchored  on the plaintiff’s supporting affidavit sworn on the even date, grounds (a) to (f) on the face of the application and  documents  marked KOA 1 to KOA 5 which include  a green card / register  (PExhibit  1) and photos  of the suit property  (PExhibit (7 a to 7e).

3. The gist of the Plaintiff’s case is that the suit property was initially registered in the name of Obudho  Gambe (Deceased 1) following land  adjudication in the area. The late Leonara Oigo Ojango (Deceased 2), who was paternal grandmother of the plaintiff (PW1) and mother of Peter  Alando Ojango (Deceased 3) occupied the entire suit property.  Deceased 3,who was the father of PW1 lived on the property.  Whereas Deceased 2 was buried on the suit property, Deceased 1 was not buried on the suit  property.

4. PW1 stated that the defendant obtained a grant of Letters of Administration and a Certificate of Confirmation of grant in respect of the estate of deceased 1 in Oyugis PMCC Succession Cause No. 125 of 2012 (PExhibits 4(a) and 4 (b) respectively). That the defendant who has never  occupied the suit property caused it to be transferred  and registered in his own name on 23^rd July 2013 through transmission as shown on a copy  of register of suit property(PExhibit 1) and copy of Certificate  of Official  Search dated 23^rd  November, 2013  (PExhibit 2).

5. PW1 further stated that he was born and brought up on the suit property.  That he has occupied the property openly, peacefully and continuously for a period over 30 years.  PW1 lodged a caution (PExhibit 3)following the acts of the defendant in relation the property.

6. In the his Replying Affidavit sworn on 16^th March, 2015 the defendant through  Bana  and Co Advocates, termed the  plaintiff’s claim frivolous,  misconceived and unmerited. He averted, inter alia,  that he acquired title to the suit property by way of transmission from deceased 1, who was  his grand mother whose remains were  buried on the suit property.  That after the attempted coupdetat of 1982,  deceased 3 who was father of  PW1 was arrested and detained in jail where he died and  was buried in  1987. 

7. That PW1 and his mother  settled on LR NO. East Kasipul / Kojwach Kanioro / 434 which they purportedly sold to Bethwel Waweru Ogwayo in the mistaken belief that it was the suit property  before they shifted to Oyugis Town  where they live todate. That Bethwel  Waweru  Ogwayo constructed several structures on the suit property which  he has  since abandoned and PW1 has no interest whatsoever, overriding and  otherwise in the suit property.

8. PW1 testified  and relied on PExhibits 1 to 7. He called PAUL OTIENO DAAWO (PW2) who relied on his Statement  dated 18^th June 2016 and CAROLINE LINET  JUMA ONYANGO (PW3) Chief Kojwach location,  Rachuonyo East Homabay County who  relied on her letter dated  17/6/2016  (PExhibit 11). .

9. The defendant  (DW1) testified, inter alia, that PExhibits 7(a) to (e) were erected  by Bethwel Waweru Ogwayo who left the property after  he claimed  that PW1 had sold it to him.  DW1  asked him to vacate the  property.  DW1 called his three (3) witnesses namely Joseph  Okeyo  Omboto Assistant Chief Kanioro Sub Location (DW2), KEPHA ONYANGO OCHOLA (DW3) and WILLIAM OTIENO OIGO (DW4) who relied on their respective statements dated 13^th March, 2015.

10. By submissions dated 28^th September, 2018 learned Counsel for the  plaintiff referred to Orders sought in the Originating Summons, interim Order of Injunction granted pursuant to Notice of Motion dated 5th October 2015, analysis of evidence adduced in Court and urged the court  to grant the plaintiff (PW1) the orders sought in the Originating Summons. Counsel submitted that the plaintiff has been in continuous and  uninterrupted occupation of the suit property for a duration of over 30  years hence he haS acquired prescriptive rights over the suit property.

11.  Counsel cited authorities including the following Court of Appeal decisions: (a) Githu =vs= Ndeete 1984 KLR 778 that the respondents’  possession of the suit land was uninterrupted hence established their respective titles by adverse possession.  (b) Harrison Ngige Kaara =vs=  Shadrack Njanja Kaara Nairobi Civil Appeal No. 79 of 1996 that adverse possession to the land in dispute  could not arise as the appellant was the registered proprietor’s dependant.

12. In his submissions dated 19^th October, 2018, Mr. J. O. Bana learned  Counsel for the defendant  gave a summary of evidence before the Court. He analysed the entire evidence and urged the Court to dismiss the  plaintiff’s  Originating Summons with costs.

13. In support of his submissions, the defendant’s  Counsel cited the case of  Virginia  Wanjiku Mwangi=vs= David Mwangi, Johnthan Kamus (2013) eKLR where Ombwayo J held that  possession requires at least five (5)minimum conditions namely:-

(a) Open and notorious use of the property

(b)  Continuous use of the property

(c)  Exclusive use of the property

(d)  Actual possession of the property

(e)  Non-permissive, hostile or adverse use of the property

14. Counsel further relied on the following case law;

a) Peter Gichuki Wanjohi =vs= Julia Mumbi Mutari (2017) eKLR by Waithak J that the limitation period for purposes of adverse  possession only starts running after registration of the land in the  name of the respondent.

b) Karuntimi  Raiji =vs= M’Makinya M’itunga (2013) eKLR where the Court of Appeal referred to, among others,  Section 30  of the Registered Land Act  with regard to a claim for adverse possession against the estate of a deceased person.

15. I have carefully, reviewed the entire pleadings, evidence of PW1, PW2,  PW3, DW1, DW2, DW3 and DW4 as well as submissions in this matter. I note, the plaintiff’s statement of agreed issue dated 15^th  September, 2014. In the  spirit of the decision in Galaxy paints  Ltd =vs= Falcon Grounds Ltd (2000)2EA 385, I find that the issues for determination  boil down to whether the plaintiff has acquired title to the suit property by  adverse possession and whether he is entitled  to the orders sought on the  face of the Originating Summons.

16. It is common ground that the suit Land was initially registered in the name of deceased 1. That subsequently DWI became registered as its proprietor through transmission.  That fact is revealed in the Originating Summons with the plaintiff’s supporting affidavit at paragraphs 4, 5, & 6 and evidence in this matter.

17. The plaintiff (PW1) stated that he was born on 15/11/1979. That he was  born and bred on the suit land and that he is a grandson of deceased 2  who occupied the land and was buried thereon.  He also stated that he has stayed on the suit land since  the time of his birth.

18. PW1 further stated that he has established his homestead on the suit land. He stated in part that:-

“I am staying on the suit property. I have photographs taken on the suit property. The first photograph shows my house.  The second photographs is of myself.  The third photograph is  of my pit latrine.  The 4^th and 5^th photographs shows my farm.  The original photographs are produced as PExh7 (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). I am praying that the court grants the reliefs that  I have sought in the originating summons. The suit property is the only home that I know.  The defendant was registered as owner of the suit property irregularly”.(Emphasis added).

19. The testimony of PW1 was fortified by his neighbour (PW2) and the area Chief (PW3) that PW1 has houses on the land.  PW2 told the Court  that PW1 built the houses and that he has lived thereon for over 12 years.

20. DW1 testified that PW1 does not live on the land.  DW2 confirmed the  evidence of DWI. However, the testimonies of DW1, DW2 and DW3  disclose that DW1 does not live on the land and that there are structures  or development done by PW1 on the land courtesy of  Bethwel Waweru Ogwayo.

21. It emerges from the of evidence that DW1 is the registered owner of  the suit land through transmission in respect of the estate of deceased 1. However, he does not occupy the land and PExhibits 7 (a) to (e) and the evidence of PW 2 and PW3 reveal that PW1 has established a house on  the suit land on which he cultivates.

22. It is also evident that PW1 is in possession of the suit land. In the case of Titus Ong’anga Nyachieo =vs=  Martin Okioma Nyauma & 3 Others  (2017) eKLR,  the Court of Appeal held that it is trite law that possession  can take  different forms such as fencing or cultivating of the land in dispute (See Kimani Ruchine & Another =vs= Swift Rutherford Company Ltd  & Another (1976 - 1980) 1KLR 1500.

23. PW1 has raised a claim of adverse possession over the defendant’s title to the suit land.  In Wilson Kazungu Katana & 101 Others =vs=salim Abdallah Bakshwein & Another (2015) EKLR, it was held that the doctrine of adverse possession  dictates that:-

(a)  The land in dispute must be registered in the name other than  the  applicant

(b)  The applicant must be in open and exclusive possession of the land in adverse manner to the title of the owner.

(c)  The applicants’ occupation of the land must be in excess of twelve years having dispossessed the owner or discontinued the  possession of the owner.

24. It is common ground that the suit land in registered in the name of DW1.  It has been asserted by PW1 and his witnesses (PW2 & PW3) that he has a homestead on the suit land. His possession of the land  has not been interrupted or broken since 1979. Moreover, DW1 does not occupy or possess the land hence he has been dispossessed of the land.

25. In Gatimu Kinguru =vs= Muya Gathangi (1976) KLR 253, Madan J (as he then was) held, inter alia;

“The defendant’s possession was open  and notorious ….. There has been no discontinuation of possession by the defendant since 1959……… There was ouster of the plaintiff from the Land followed by adverse possession, occupation, development, and cultivation of the land by the defendant”.(Emphasis laid)

26. The defendant (DW1) contended that PW1 does not live on the suit land. That there has been interruption of occupation of PW1 on the land. It is not disputed that there are developments on the suit land as shown on PExhibits 7 (a) to (e). There was no suit filed to stop time from running under Section 38 of the Limitation Actions  Act (Cap 22) - See Ndatho =vs= Itumo & 2 Others (2002) 2 KLR  637.  In the instant suit,  on 28/10/2015 the Court only issued orders for  maintenance of status  Quo on the suit land in order  to preserve it thus it did not stop  time from running as already  noted.

27. In a nutshell, the suit land is registered in the name of DW1 under the Registered Land Act (Cap 300 repealed Act), an Act cited under Section 37 of the Limitations of act (Cap 22).  It is proved that PW1 has been in adverse possession of the land for more than 12 years. Therefore he is entitled to be registered as the sole proprietor of the suit land as the defendants title has been extinguished thereby. The plaintiff has proved his claim against the defendant on a balance of probability.

28. The upshot is that judgment is hereby entered for the plaintiff against the defendant in terms of issues for determination numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the face of Originating summons dated 6^th March, 2013.

DELIVERED, SIGNED and DATED in open court at MIGORI this 19^th  day of December, 2018

G. M. A. ONGONDO

JUDGE

In the presence of;

MS Okota  holding brief for Mr. Oguttu Mboya learned counsel for the plaintiff. 

Mr. Odhiambo Kanyangi  holding brief for Mr. Bana  learned counsel for the defendant.

Tom, Court Assistant.