REPUBLIC OF KENYA

ENVIRONMENT AND LAND COURT AT MAKUENI

ELC NO.337 OF 2017

FORMERLY NAIROBI ELC NO. 910 OF 2013

ALICE MBESA KEESI ……...…………………………..……..1^ST PLAINTIFF

JUSTUS KYALO KEESI ……...…………………………..….. 2^ND PLAINTIFF

LILIAN NTHAMBII ……………………..…………………… 3^RD PLAINTIFF

VERSUS

BENJAMIN MUTUA KEESI …..………………….……… 1^ST DEFENDANT

KINYAMBI KEESI ………………………………….……. 2^ND DEFENDANT

KYAMBA KEESI ……………………….………..…….… 3^RD DEFENDANT

IGNATIUS KINYAMBI ……………………....………..… 4^TH DEFENDANT

ROSE NGINA …………………………….……….……… 5^TH DEFENDANT

MUSAU MASOKA ……………………..…...…………… 6^TH DEFENDANT

MUTUKU SILINGI ……………………….….…………… 7^TH DEFENDANT

PATRICK NZOMO………………………..……..…………8^TH DEFENDANT

JOHN KATO ………………………………...……….…… 9^TH DEFENDANT

MBITHE SILINGI …………………..……….…….…… 10^TH DEFENDANT

RULING

1. The  application  before  court is the one dated the 26^th February, 2014 and filed in court on the 27^th February, 2014 for orders:-

1. Spent

2. Spent

3. That  the 5^th and 9^th Respondent be restrained  whether  by themselves, their agents, servants, employees or whosever, from continuing  to trespass  onto,  constructing, cultivating, selling  invading, wasting  or in any way dealing or any way interfering with the suit property known as Kilala/Kaumoni/386 & Kilala/Kaumoni323 respectively pending  the hearing and determination of this suit.

4. That the 5^th and  9^th Defendant be committed to Civil Jail for a  period  of six (6)  months for willful disobedience and contempt of the court order   issued by honourabe Justice Mutungi on 26^th July, 2013.

5. That  the 1^st, 2^nd  , 3^rd  and 4^th Respondents be committed to civil jail for a period of six (6) months for aiding and abetting the continued disobedience  of the court order issued honourable   Justice Mutungi on 26^th July, 2013 by the 5^th and 9^th Respondent.

6. That   the costs of the application be provided for.

2. The  application  is predicated on the grounds  on its face and is supported by the  affidavit of Justus  Kyalo Keesi, the second  Plaintiff/Applicant herein,  sworn at  Nairobi on the 26^th  February, 2014.

3. The application  is  expressed  to be brought  under sections  1A, 1B, 3, 3A, 63 and  95 of the Civil Procedure  Act and Order 40 of the Civil Procedure  Rules and all other  enabling  provisions of the law.

4. The application is opposed by the Respondents herein namely the 1^st, 5^th, 7^th, 8^th and 9^th who filed separate replying affidavits.

5. On the 14^th August, 2014 the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th Respondents filed the replying affidavit sworn at Nairobi by the second Respondent herein.  The replying affidavits by the first, 5^th, 7^th , 8^th and 9^th  Respondents were sworn at Nairobi  on  various  dates  between  30^th  July, 2014 and 14^th August, 2014.

6. On the 15^th October, 2014 parties were directed to dispose off the application by way of written submissions.

7. The Plaintiffs/Applicants   filed their  submissions on the  15^th April, 2015 while the 1^st  to 8^th and 10^th Defendants/Respondents filed  their joint submissions on 23^rd  April, 2015 the  same  being  dated  22^nd  April, 2015.

8. The 9^th Defendants filed his submissions on the 18^th December, 2014 the same being dated 17^th December, 2014.

9. The counsel for the Applicants submitted  that the Applicants are the administrators   of the Estate of Jonathan Keesi Nguzi (deceased), appointed vide  letters  of administration  issued  in Succession Cause No. 119 of 2004 and confirmed  by a certificate of confirmation of grant issued on the 7^th July, 2008. He pointed out that the Defendants/Respondents did not object to the issuance of the said certificate.

10. The counsel submitted that at the time of his death, the deceased was the owner and legal proprietor of the parcels of land known as Kilala/Kaumoni/323, Kilala/Kaumoni/386, Kilala/Kaumoni/365. He went on to submit that the said properties are vested in the 1^st Plaintiff/Applicant who holds them in trust for the beneficiaries and has not sold, leased, transferred or alienated any of the said suit properties.  That the  first second and 3^rd  Defendants/Respondents  without  authority purported to sell  land parcel  number Kilala/Kaumoni/422 to the 4^th , 5^th , 6^th , 7^th , 8^th  and 9^th  Defendants/Respondents  which purported sale  the counsel  termed as unlawful and constituted an act of intermeddling with the deceased’s estate contrary to the provisions of section 45  of the Law of Succession Act chapter 160 of the laws of  Kenya.

11. The  counsel  submitted that the actions of the Defendants/Respondents prompted the filing  of a suit and an application under a  certificate of urgency by way of notice of motion dated 25^th July, 2013 by the Plaintiffs/Applicants seeking  injunctive reliefs over  the suit  properties pending the  hearing and determination of the main suit.

12. The counsel  submitted that on the 26^th July, 2013, temporary injunctive orders restraining the Respondents   whether  by themselves, agents, servants, employees or whosever from trespassing onto, alienating, selling, transferring, invading , cultivating, wasting, mortgaging, leasing or in any way dealing or in any way  dealing or in any way  interfering with the suit properties for a period  of 14 days. The counsel pointed out that the said order was duly effected upon the Defendants/Respondents and an affidavit of service sworn by Peter Mburu Waithaka on 2^nd August 2013 was duly filed.

13. That the interim orders were extended on various occasions and the Defendants/Respondents would be served. That in blatant disregard and disobedience of the court order, the 5^th and the 9^th Defendants/Respondents have continued trespassing and dealing with suit properties Kilala/Kaumoni/386 and Kilala/Kaumoni/323 respectively. The  counsel  went on to submit that the disobedience  of the court order by the  two Defendants/Respondents  has been aided and abetted by  the  1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and the 4^th Defendants. He pointed out that 5^th and the 9^th Defendants/Respondents persistence in disobedience of the court order will continue unless the court intervenes and commits the two to civil jail.

14. Regarding  the contempt of court, the counsel submitted  that the application  is anchored on section  63(c)  of the  Civil Procedure Act  which  provides that:-

“ 63) In order to prevent the ends of justice from being defeated, the court may , if it is so prescribed:-

(c) Grant a temporary injunction and in case of disobedience commit the person guilty thereof to prison and order that his property be attached and sold”

15. The counsel  went on to submit that pursuant to section 63(c) aforesaid, it is provided  under order 40 Rule 3(1) of the Civil Procedure Rules that;

“3(1) in case of disobedient breach of any such terms, the court granting an injunction may order the property of the person guilty of such disobedience  or breach to be attached  and may also  order such person to be  detained  in prison  for a term not exceeding six months unless in the meantime the court directs  his release”

16. The counsel  cited   Black’s  Law Dictionary (Ninth Edition ) which  defines contempt of court as:

“Conduct that defies the authority or dignity of a court.  Because such conduct interferes with the administration of justice, it is punishable usually by fine or imprisonment.”

17. The counsel further  submitted that it  is  the rule of law and the administration of justice which  are under challenge when the court orders are disobeyed and cited  the case  of Teachers Service Commission V Kenya National Union of Teachers & 2 others [2013] eKLR where lady Justice  Ndolo observed as follows:-

“The reason why courts will punish for contempt of court then is to safe guard the rule of law which is fundamental in the administration of justice.  It has nothing to do with the integrity of the judiciary    or the court or even the personal ego of the presiding judge.  Neither is it about placating the Applicant who moves the court by taking out contempt proceedings. It is about preserving and safeguarding the rule of law.”

18. The counsel went on to submit that the orders of this court must  be respected  and obeyed and the  Defendants/Respondents  have no discretion in complying  with the orders made on the 26^th July, 2013 and cited  the case of  Judicial Service Commission V Speaker of the National  Assembly & Another [2013] eKLR where Odunga, J held as follows

“ In Central Bank of Kenya  & Another  Vs Ratilal Automobiles Limited  & others in Civil Application No.Nai 247 of 2006, the Court of Appeal  held that Judicial Power in Kenya  vests in the courts and other tribunals established under Constitution  and  that is a fundamental tenet of the rule of law that court orders must be obeyed  and it is not open  to any person or persons to choose whether or not to comply with or to ignore such orders as directed to him or them by a court of law.”

19. It was also the counsel’s submissions that the order by Justice Mutungi on 26^th July, 2013 was very clear that all the Defendants/Respondents were restrained whether by themselves, their agents, servants, employees or whosever from trespassing into, alienating, selling transferring, invading, cultivating, wasting, mortgaging, leasing, or in any way dealing, interfering with suit properties for a period of fourteen days.

20. He pointed out that the said orders were extended on 8^th August, 2013, 9^th September 2013, 31^st October, and 21^st January, 2014. The counsel added that the Defendants/Respondents were personally served with the said orders; as confirmed by the affidavit of service sworn by Peter Mburu  Waithaka  on 2^nd August, 2013, 7^th July, 2014 and 28^th  July, 2014.

21. The counsel further pointed out that the 5^th and 9^th Defendants/Respondents   in flagrant disobedience of the  said orders proceeded to interfere with the suit premises by building a granary, pit latrine,   and cultivating beans and constructing a residential house.

22. The counsel cited the Court of Appeal   decision in Commercial of Africa Vs Ndirangu [1990-1994] where the learned judges when  faced with similar  application  of contempt for disobedience of injunctive orders held that;

“Rules of natural justice are foundation of a judicial system.  Their observance is universal but,  at the same time, flagrant disobedience of a court order, if  allowed to go unchecked, will   result in the onset of an erosion of judicial authority.”

The counsel further cited Muli JA, who held that;

“It is imperative that orders of the court must be obeyed as a cardinal basis for endurance of judicial authority and dignity. The blatant disobedience of the courts consent order in this case renders any transactions in breach of the order to be void and the learned judge was fully justified in making the orders complained of.  To allow the appeal would tantamount to rewarding the guilty parties for this grave contempt of court”

The counsel pointed out that the order served on the Defendants/Respondents  was endorsed with a penal notice which informed them  that any party served with the said order and disobeys the same shall be guilty of contempt of court and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six(6)  months or both fine and imprisonment.  He submitted that this   application is a proper case that warrants the court’s intervention to commit the Defendants/Respondents to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six (6) months. He cited the case of Republic Vs Kenya Posts & Telecommunications [1999] EA 250 where the court of Appeal held that;

 “in deciding whether  a contempt was serious  enough  to warrant imprisonment, the court was required to take into account the likelihood of interference with the administration of justice and the culpability of the offender. Another material factor to be considered was the intention with which the act complained of was done. In this instant, the first Respondent had persisted in  the contempt  and was deserving of  a custodial  sentence  without the option of a fine”.

23. The counsel submitted   that the Defendants/Respondents have taken no steps to purge their contempt and still persist in disobedience of the said court order.

24. In conclusion the counsel submitted that the authority of the court has been violated by the Defendants/Respondents. He pointed out that the court has on obligation and duty to uphold the rule of law by punishing the Defendants/Respondents for continued disobedience of its orders. He submitted that the Plaintiffs/Applicants pray that the application be allowed as prayed and further consequential orders be made as follows to prevent further disobedience of its orders and disrespect of the rule of law by the Defendants/Respondents:-

i. The 5^th Defendant be compelled to uproot the crops cultivated and the pit latrine built on the suit properly known as Kilala/Kaumoni/386 be demolished.

ii. The 9^th Defendant be compelled to demolish the residential   house built     on the suit property known as Kilala/Kaumoni/323.

iii. That failure to comply with the consequential orders, the Plaintiffs with the assistance of the County Commander of Makueni County to enforce the consequential orders. 

25. The  1^st to 8^th  and 10^th Respondents in their submissions told the court that they were not aware of the alleged succession cause number  119 of 2004 and that they had instructed their  lawyers to apply for its revocation. They maintained that the Applicants have fraudulently applied for letter of administration without seeking consent of the other beneficiaries.  In conclusion the 1^st to 8^th and 10^th Respondents urged the court to dismiss the application dated 26^th February, 2014 with costs.

26. The submissions by the 9th Respondents were that he was never served with the order issued on the 26^th July, 2013. His  counsel  submitted that this is confirmed  by the  affidavit  of service annexed to the affidavit of Justus Kyalo Keesi  dated   the 26^th February, 2013 where there is no paragraph  that indicates that the  9^th  Defendant was  served. The counsel cited  the case of Africa  Management  Communication  Intentional  Ltd Vs Joseph Mathenge Mosa  & Another  [2013] eKLR where Mabeya, J stated  thus:-

“I am guided by the fact that contempt proceedings are akin to criminal proceedings.  A person may be  sent to prison thereby lose his or her  liberty for that  offence, For that reason, it is  important  that such a person is shown to have had notice of the order and had  notice of the order and had the opportunity to obey the same but failed to  do so. In the instant case, it is unclear whether Victoria  Cecilia Karanja had knowledge of the order or was personally served with the order, In the absence of such proof,  I do not think that  my good  case  has been made for   her committal.”

27. The counsel  further  submitted  that the 9^th Respondent learnt of the  existence of the order prohibiting him from dealing with the property herein  from his then advocate in the year 2014 and that since then, he has not in any way dealt with the said property.

28. The counsel urged the court to find that the Respondents actions and/or conduct does not amount to contempt of court.

29. As to whether the Applicant has proved   his application for injunction, the counsel for the 9^th Respondent submitted that the 9^th Respondent bought the land herein from the 7^th Respondent with the approval/authority of the first Applicant.  He added that the 9^th Respondent started developing the property and will thus he will suffer irreparable damage.  The counsel cited the case of Paul Sauti Muthui alias Paul Saidia Muthui V Wilson Maingi Mutia [2013] eKLR. He added that the orders in question were granted on 26^th July, 2013.

30. He said that under Order 40, interim orders are meant to last one year and the said orders have lapsed.

31. Having read the application, the supporting affidavit as well as  the replying affidavits by the Respondents and the submissions filed, it is clear that the application  dated  26^th February, 2014 has two limbs.  One limb is for an injunction  against the Respondents while  the second limb is  for citing of the 1^st, 2^nd , 3^rd , 4^th , 5^th and  9^th Respondents  for  contempt of court. With regard to the first limb, the principles for the grant of  an order of temporary injunction are well enunciated  in the case of Giella Vs Cassman  Brown and Company Ltd [1973] EA 358. I need not repeat the principles herein as they are well known.

32. On the principle of  whether  or not the Applicants  have shown  prima facie case with probability  of success, the Applicants have  stated that they are the administrators  of the  estate  of the late Jonathan Keesi Nguzi and also have the proprietory interest in the suit property. On the other hand, the 1^st,  2^nd and 3^rd Respondents have stated that they are  siblings of the Applicants though from different mothers. It is clear that the Respondents  they are not administrators of the estate  of the said  Jonathan  Keesi and  even  though they have indicated that they have instructed their  lawyer to file an   application for revocation of the  grant in succession cause no. 119 of 2004, there is nothing  to show that this was ever done.  The 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd Respondents have not denied the fact that they sold land to the 7^th and 8^th Respondents notwithstanding the fact that they did not have letters of administration. That would clearly amount to intermeddling with the property of a deceased person contrary to section 45 of the Law of Succession Act chapter 160 of the Laws of Kenya.  Given those above circumstances,  I am satisfied  that the Applicants have shown  a prima facie  with probability of success in that  as administrators of the  estate of their  deceased father, they have a duty to protect it.

33. Regarding the principle of an interlocutory injunction will not normally be granted unless the Applicant might otherwise suffer irreparable injury which would not adequately be compensated by an award of damages, it is clear that the Applicants and other legitimate beneficiaries will be denied their rightful share in the estate of the deceased if the estate is wasted before its distribution. As earlier on stated, it is worthy to note that the Respondents have admitted transacting with the suit property notwithstanding that they have not followed the provisions of the Law of Succession Act.

34. On the  principle  of if  the court is in doubt, it will decide  on a balance  of  convenience, I wish to  point out  that  this court is not  in doubt  and even it were, for  the reasons that  I have  indicated  in  the  first  two principles, the balance of convenience tilts in favour of the Applicants.

35. Regarding the limp of contempt of  court, I do note that whereas the  affidavit  of service   sworn at Nairobi on 2^nd August, 2013 by the Peter Mburu Waithaka,  the process  server, and annexed  as annexture  JKK -6 of the supporting  affidavit of the second Applicant, it is clear that  even  though the 1^st , 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th , 7^th and 8^th Respondents were served  with the  order dated  26^th February, 2013, there is no indication that the 5^th and the 9^th Respondents  were ever served.  It is my considered view that the two cannot be said to have disobeyed a court order that was never served upon them.  Equally, the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th Respondents cannot be said to have aided and abetted the continued disobedience of the   said court order.

36. The  upshot of the foregoing is that  the notice  of motion dated  26^th February, 2014 and filed in court on 27^th February, 2014 partially succeeds in terms of prayers  3 and  6.  In the circumstances, I hereby decline to issue prayers 4 and 5 of the applicant it so ordered.

SIGNED, DATED AND DELIVERED AT MAKUENI THIS 20^TH DAY OF DECEMBER, 2018.

MBOGO C.G

JUDGE

IN THE PRESENCE OF;

Mr. Hassan holding brief for Mr. Issa for the Plaintiffs/Applicants

No appearance for the Respondents 

Mr. Kwemboi  - Court Assistant

MBOGO C.G, JUDGE

20/12/2018.