REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE   MAGISTRATE’S COURT AT  NAIROBI

MILIMANI COMMERCIAL COURTS

ELECTION PETITION NO. 17 OF 2017

ABDI MUHYADIN ABDI………… …… ......………… …PETITIONER

VERSUS

INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES                               

COMMISSION (IEBC)…………………….....……1^ST RESPONDENT

ABDULLAHI MOHAMED BUTHUL…….........…..2^ND RESPONDENT

RETURNING OFFICER, SANGAILU WARD,                                          

 IJAARA CONSTITUENCY …………….....……...3^RD RESPONDENT

RULING

1. On the 8^th of September, 2017, the humble petition of Abdi Muhyadin Abdi was received at the Milimani Commercial Courts Registry- Nairobi. The 1^st Respondent is the Independent  Electoral and Boundaries  Commission as established under Article 88 as read together  with 248 and 249 of the Constitution and the IEBC Act No. 9 of 2011. The  3^rd respondent, the Returning officer Sangailu ward, Ijaara Constituency. The 3^rd Respondent was sued as the representative of the 1^st Respondent while the 2^nd Respondent is the newly elected and sworn in member of County Assembly for Sangailu Ward- Ijaara Constituency.

2. The copy of petition filed in court is not signed, nor dated by the petitioner. In his petition, the  Petitioner prays for Judgment against the Respondents for;

(i) A declaration that Section 83 of the Elections Act is unconstitutional  and the same be declared null and void.

 (ii) This Honourable Court  does find that the 2^nd Respondent may have committed a serious electoral offence of bribing voters contrary to Section 9 of the Electoral Offices Act and that an order to that effect be transmitted to the Director of Public Prosecutions.

(iii) That a declaration that the 2^nd Respondent election as member of County Assembly was void ab initio since the 2^nd Respondent contravened the provisions of sections 26(1) of the Electoral Act by participating directly in a public fund raising or harambee within 8 months  proceeding  the 8^th of August.

(iv) A declaration that Abdullahi Mohamed was not validly  elected as member of county assembly for Sangailu  Ward Ijaara Constituency  in the general elections that were held on 8/8/2017 and a certificate to that be issued to  the speaker of the county Assembly Garissa.

(v) A declaration that Abdi Muhyadin Abdi, the petitioner  herein, was in the circumstances validly elected as the member of county assembly for Sangailu Ward, Ijaara Constituency and not Abdullahi Mohammed Buthul in the general elections that were held on 8/8/2007.

(vi) That the 1^st respondent be  compelled to issue Abdi Muhyadin Abdi, the petitioner herein, with a certificate of Election immediately and unconditionally.

(vii) In the alternative and strictly without prejudice  to the above captioned prayer, a declaration that the election of the member of county assembly for Sangailu Ward, Ijaara Constituency on the general elections  that were held on 8/8/2017 was not conducted in conformity with the constitution, the election laws and election regulations and the same be, declared null and void.

(viii) An order for the conduct of  fresh election for the Member of County Assembly for Sangailu Ward, Ijaara Constituency.

(ix) Costs of this petition and the interest thereon  be provided for. Any other and further relied that this Honourable Court may deem fit and just to grant in the circumstances.

3. The firm of Hassan Mutembei & Co Advocates filed response to election petition on behalf of the 1^st and 3^rd Respondents on 22/9/2017. The firm  of Muma & Kanjama filed the response to petition  on behalf of the 2^nd petitioner  on 22/9/2017.

4. Further on 27^th September, 2017, the  2^nd respondent filed a notice of motion  dated 27^th September, 2017 together with grounds of oppositions  in respect to the petitioners application dated 8^th August, 2017 seeking dismissal of the petition.

5. On the 4/10/2017, Mr. Musyoki holding brief for Mr. Mogaka for the petitioner, Mr. Hassan representing  1^st and 3^rd respondents and Mr. Kanjama representing 2^nd respondent appeared before  court for pretrial   conference. In the essence of a pre-trial conference is  to do what is required by Rule 15(1) of the Elections Rules 2017, and that is;

a) Frame the contested and uncontested issues in the petition.

b) Analyse methods for  resolving the contested issues.

c) Determine interlocutory applications.

d) Confirm the number of witnesses the parties intend to call.

e) Give an order, where necessary, for furnishing further particulars.

f) Give directions for the disposal of the suit or any outstanding issues.

g) Give direction as to the place and time of hearing the petition.

h) Give directions as to the filing and serving of any further affidavits or giving of additional evidence.

i) Give directions on limiting the  volume of any copies of documents that may be required  to be filed; or

j) Make such orders as may be necessary to prevent unnecessary expenses.

 6. It is a cardinal principle of election disputes resolutions  that the hearing and determination ought to be heard expeditiously and that is why there are strict  timelines to be complied with by the court  and the parties  involved. Section 85 of the Elections Act provide that Section 85;

“An election petition under this Act shall be heard and determined within the period specified in the constitution’ section  75 (2) of the Elections Act provides that “ a decision under sub section (1)  shall be heard and determined within six months of the date of lodging the petition.”

7. During the pre-trial  conference, Mr. Musyoki, holding brief for Mr. Mogaka informed the court that Mr. Mogaka  has lost contact with his client  the petitioner. Mr. Mogaka had been trying to reach the petitioner in vain and that he was not familiar with his residence at Garissa. The petitioner had also not filed security for costs and as such, Mr. Mogaka sought  time to file an application to cease from acting. In response, Mr. Hassan was not opposed to Mr. Mogaka  being granted time to file application to cease from acting, but did apply that the petition  be dismissed since the petitioner had  not complied with the law. Mr. Kanjama submitted that since the petitioner had failed to comply with   the constitutional time lines as required under Article 87 of the Constitution, and the statutory requirements in respect  to deposit of security for costs, the court ought  to dismiss the petition as the court  could undertake further proceedings.

8. The court did grant orders that Mr. Mogaka files  his application to seek from acting  and file  and serve by close of business on 9/10/2017. The application by Mr. Mogaka to cease  from acting and the 2^nd respondent’s application dated 27/9/2017 were to be heard on 12/10/2017 at 2.30 pm. Having so ordered, Mr. Musyoki and Musyoki Advocates & Co. filed  application dated 9/10/2017. Subsequently, the 2^nd respondent field grounds of opposition to the petitioner’s application dated 9/10/2017.

9. On 12/10/2017, Mr. Kanjama for 2^nd petitioner, Mr. Anyona for 1^st and 3^rd respondent and Mr. Musyoki for the petitioner were present before court. By consent,  advocates agreed that the application dated 27/9/2017 field by the 2^nd respondent, canvassed, first, and thereafter parties do proceed to canvass the application by Mr. Musyoki   Mogaka dated 9/10/2017.

2^ND RESPONDENT’S APPLCIAITON DATED 27/9/2017 

10. The 2^nd application sought for orders that the petitioners petition dated 8/9/2017 be dismissed with costs to the 2^nd respondent. The application was based on the grounds that;

 (i) On 8/8/2017, the 1^st respondent conducted  general elections for various electoral  posts including that of member of county assembly for various across the county. The 1^st respondent tallied results for Sangailu Ward on the 9^th August, 2017 declared the 2^nd respondents as the member of the county assembly elect for Sangailu Ward.

(ii) Article 87(2) of the constitution  provides for a constitutional limitation period of 28 days from the day of declaration of results within which anyone can challenge the election  of results declared by the 1^st Respondent.

(iii) The electoral laws requires that upon filing of any petition, the petitioner should deposit kshs. 100,000/= as security for costs within  10 days of such filing.

11. The petitioner did not oppose the application  filed by the 2^nd respondent.  In his submissions, Mr.Kanjama pointed out to the court the provision of article 87 of the constitution. In  particular, he highlighted the provisions of Article 87 (2) which  provides that petitions  concerning  an election other than a presidential election, shall be filed within twenty-eight days after the declaration of the election results by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.  He went on to submit that the fundamental provision as supported by section 75 1(A) of the Elections Act which provides that a  question of a member of a county Assembly shall be heard  and determined by the Resident Magistrates court designated by the Chief Justice.

12. The second respondent cited the following authorities;

(i) Hassan Ali Joho  & Another Vs Suleiman Said Shabhal (2014) eKLR

(ii) Mary Wambui Munee –Vs Peter Gichuki Kingara and 2 others (2014) eKLR.

(iii) Lamanken Aramat –v- Harun Mutamei Lempaika and 2 others (2014) eKLR.

The above cited authorities all make it clear that the twenty eight day period is a limitation period that cannot be extended, and that the rights that accrue to a duly elected member cannot be taken away by extension of time.

13. It was further submitted that time starts running from the time results are declared by the Returning officer and relevant forms filled. In this case the 2^nd respondent  attached form 36 B which  showed that elections were held on 8/8/2017 and declared on 9/8/2017.  Twenty eight days after 9/8/2017 would end on 6/9/2017. The instant petition was filed on 8/9/2017 after the limitation period had accrued.

 14. On the issue of deposit of security for costs, despite the petitioner  having filed  the petition  on 8/9/2017, there was  no evidence at all of deposit of kshs. 100,000/= as required by the law.

 15. Mr. Anyonka pointed out that though the 1^st and 3^rd respondent had not filed a formal application, they had in their response pointed out that intention to raise these issues. He went on to state that the failure by the petitioner to abide by the law, in regard to limitation and timelines deposit of security for costs makes the petitioner non-starter. The two requirements are not procedural or technicalities and hence the petitioner cannot seek refuge under Article 159 (2)(d) of the Constitution or Rule 4 or 19 (2) of the Electoral Rules.

16. As earlier  noted, the  petitioner did not file any response nor did Mr. Musyoki respond owing to what he termed lack of instructions.

APPLICATION DATED 9/10/2017

17. The application is  brought under Section 3 and 3A of the Civil Procedure Act and accompanying Rules 2010, and all other enabling provisions. The application seek orders be granted that the Honourable Court does grant leave to the advocate firm  of the petitioner Messers Musyoki Mogaka & Co. Advocates to cease and or withdraw acting in this matter on behalf of the petitioner, and that the costs of the application be provided for. The  application is supported by the supporting affidavit of Stephen M. Mogaka.

SUBMISSIONS

18. Even as Mr. Musyoki sought to argue the application before court, there was no evidence, or evidence of attempt made by the firm in question to serve the said application on their petitioner personally or by way of advertisement. It was submitted  by Mr.Musyoki  that Mr. Mogaka did not have instructions from his client since communication had ceased three weeks ago. Mr. Mogaka had also given clear instructions to the petitioner to deposit Kshs. 100,000/= but  this was not done by the petitioner. Without instructions, Mr. Mogaka would not be in a position to continue representing  the petitioner, and hence the reason he sought leave to cease from acting to be granted. He was also committed to giving the telephone contacts that the petitioner had been using to the respondents.

19. Mr. Kanjama in opposing the application submitted that the application is unsustainable and defective because it is brought under the provisions  civil procedure Act; yet Civil Procedure Act and rules do not apply in Elections petitions.  Secondly, he submitted that there is no automatic right to withdraw from a matter  by advocate  who has presented a case before court and that it was  within  the discretion  of the court to  either allow or reject the application.

20. It was further submitted that an advocate is an agent of the litigant, and has several  duties  before  moving the court. He  ought to verify and confirm the identity of his  client, confirm instructions and also advise the client as to the requirements before moving  the court. These duties are even more significant where an advocate initiates time bound  proceedings or  purports to act for a corporate client. He  urged  the court to exercise its discretion and find that if the advocate failed to discharge his professional duties, that he be ordered to personally pay costs. He further urged  the court to disallow the application and order the cost of the petition and application be paid jointly and severally by the petitioner and the petitioners advocate.

21. Mr. Mogaka submitted that should the advocate be  allowed to cease from acting  for the petitioner, the court does make orders that the withdrawal be on condition that the firm of advocates  do provide the current and correct address of the petitioner, his current and correct telephone number and e-mail address. If the respondents should be unable to reach the petitioner, the advocate to be compelled to facilitate  notice by way of advertisement if other modes of service fail.

22. In his response, Mr. Musyoki stated that Mr. Mogaka was ready to provide  all the contact details  including  physical address. The petitioner according to Mr. Musyoki is a member of a  political  party and had been served with  the application to cease from acting. He went further to state that it would not be hard to trace his home and that the advocate  should  not be compelled to pay for substituted service or advertisement.

ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION

23. From the foregoing, the following issues lend themselves for determination by this Honourable Court;-

(i) Whether  this Honourable Court has jurisdiction to entertain the present petition having been  filed outside the constitutional time lines and without furnishing security for costs.

(ii) Whether  the firm of Musyoki  & Mogaka & company Advocates should be allowed to cease from acting for the petitioner at the stage of the proceedings.

(iii) Who should bear the costs.

ANALYSIS

24. (i) Whether this Honourable Court has jurisdiction to entertain the present petition having been filed outside constitutional timelines: I have taken time to peruse the petition field on 8^th September, 2017. As earlier indicated, the said petition is  conducted and not signed by the petitioner. The lengthy petition is indeed and skeleton devoid of any annexures or supporting documents. It is not  possible to tell from the face of the petition when the results were declared. However, at paragraph 12 of page 16 of the petition, the petitioner states, “ the 3^rd respondent purported to declare and certify the 2^nd respondent was the winner  of the Sangailu Ward  County Assembly having gathered  and highest number of votes cast. Consequently, the 3^rd respondent  did issue  the 2^nd respondent with a certificate of election on 10/8/2017”(Emphasis mine)

25. The certificate of election  dated 10/8/2017 was not annexed  the petitioned at all. One can only read mischief on the part of the petitioner in a bid to conceal the exact time/day when the results were declared. On their part, the 2^nd and 3^rd respondents attached in their response Form 36 (c) –certificate of Electoral  Member of County Assembly declared Abdullhi Mohamed Buthul (2^nd respondent) as the duly elected member of  County Assembly for Sangailu Ward of Garrissa County in the election held on 8/8/2017. The Returning officer Ibrahim A. Farah signed the certificate on 9^th August, 2017. This evidence was not rebutted by the petitioner.

26. Article 87 of the Constitution prescribes a constitutional timeline of twenty eight days within which election should be filed on the following terms -Article 87 (2)

“ (2) petitions concerning an election other than a presidential  election shall be filed within twenty eight days after the declaration of the election results by the  Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission”

27. A Returning officer is supposed to complete  and issue form 36 B under Rule 83 of the Elections (general) Regulations, 2012 on tallying and announcement of election results, which in the relevant section provides as follows;-

Section 83(1) Immediately   after the results of the polls from all polling stations in a constituency have  been received by the returning officer, the Returning Officer shall, in the presence of candidates or agents and observers if present,

(a)-------------

(f) Sign and date the relevant forms and publicly declare the result for the position of;

(i) Member of county assembly;

(ii)------------

(g) Issue certificate to persons elected in the county assembly by national assembly elections in Forms 36 (c) and 35 (c)  respectively set out in the schedule.

28. Under the interpretation and General Provisions Act (Cap 2) Laws of Kenya, time starts running the following day after the day of the event. Section 57 of the Act provides as follows;

Section 57, in computing time for the purposes of and written Law unless the contrary intention appears-

“(a)  a period of days from the happening of an event or the doing of an act or thing shall be deemed to be exclusive of the day on which the event happens or the act or thing is done”

Applying this provision to the present case where the evidence is that the results  of the election that the results of the election were declared on the 9^th August, 2017, it follows  that time for filing the petition  started running  on 10^th August, 2017. Counting from  this date the twenty eight days within   which the petition was supposed to be filed ended on 7/9/2017. The instant petition having been filed on 8/0/2017 was clearly outside the  constitutional timelines and must fail.

 29. The Supreme Court in Lemanken Aramat –Vs- Harun Meiramei Lempaka & 2 others 2014 eKLR,  while listening to an appeal in respect of Narok East parliamentary  elections, the court was invited to make a finding on whether  the High Court, Court of Appeal or the Supreme court had jurisdiction to determine  the election petition when the  same was filed out of time. In finding that none of the  courts had jurisdiction to entertain the proceedings therein the court expressed itself in the following paragraphs:

(69) We have to note that the electoral process, and the electoral  dispute  resolutions in mechanism in Kenya, are marked by certain  special  facilities. A condition set in respect of electoral disputes; is the strict adherence to the timelines prescribed   by the constitution, and the electoral  law. The jurisdiction of the court to hear and determine electoral  disputes is inherently  tied to the issue of time, and breach of this strict scheme of time removes the dispute from the jurisdiction of the Court. 

'(81) those who filed the elections petition outside the  twenty eight day requirement of the constitution cannot in our perception avoid  the consequences of their dilatoriness; for it is the prescribed time frame, that opens the jurisdiction  of the courts. And this being such an elemental constitutional requirement, it stands out by itself, irrespective of the averments made by the parties in their pleadings. To this question, the general discretion  provided for in Article 159  does not apply, as this is not a ordinary issue of procedural compliance’

I reiterate, the petition on this ground must fail.

30. Whether this Honourable Court has jurisdiction to entertain the present petition without furnishing security for costs.

Section 78 of the Election Act provides;-

1. A petitioner shall deposit security for the payment of cost that may become payable  by the petitioner  not more than 10 days  after the presentation of a petition under this part.

2. A person who presents a petition to challenge all elections shall deposit;

(a) -----

(b)----

(c) one hundred thousand, in the case  of a petition against  a member of a county assembly.

3. Where a petitioner does not deposit security as required by this section, or of an objection is allowed and not removed, no further proceedings shall be heard on the petition and the respondent may apply to the election court for the payment of the respondent’s costs.

31. There is no evidence of deposit of security for costs as required by Law. It is a matter of general knowledge and not disputed that  to-date the petitioner has not made a deposit for security for costs in the sum of Kshs. 100,000/=. The provision for deposit for security for costs is a substantive requirement underpinning the jurisdiction of the court to deal with the dispute. It is meant to cure a fundamental mischief which is to  discourage frivolous or vexatious  litigants from challenging the results of an election and to cushion the respondent from any costs that might ensure from such petition proceedings.

32. In the case of Evans Nyambaso Zekediah  & another –Vs- independent Electoral  and boundaries commission & 2 others, (2013) eKLR, Sitati J (Sitati) struck out the election petition for failure by the petitioner to make deposit for security of costs in time as  required by the Elections Act. The court cited the decision of the court of Appeal in Nairobi  Civil Appeal No. 273 of 2003 (2005) eKLR, thus:

The court of Appeal was faced with a similar  of non compliance with section 21 of the repealed Cap 7 of laws of Kenya. On appeal against  an order of the superior court  and dismissing the petition  on account of failure  to deposit security within the statutory  time frame, the court said the  following;

“Once again we think the intention  of parliament was clear in enacting the time limit in such peremptory languages –

“ not more than three days shall give….’ does not admit ambiguity or further search for the intention of parliament whether or not parliament should have enacted a further provision for seeking extension of time is appropriate, would  of course be academic purposes of this appeal and in any case there was no attempt  to appeal for extension  of time at all. Section 21 (3) provides for the consequence of non- compliance which is what in the end transpired in this case. Failure  to deposit the money within the time was not a mere irregularity which could be waived by the party”

33. It is not disputed that the petitioner in this case has not made the deposit for security for cost. The petitioner has made no attempt to apply for extension of time to make deposit. Worse still, the petitioner after making the effort and expense to file an election petition did not show up in court, and now his advocate, the only contact person known to the court and the respondents also wishes to cease from acting. I find that the petitioner can be described a busy body who needs to be kept out of these proceedings. This is yet another good ground why this petition must and fails.

34. (ii) Whether the firm of Mogaka & Musyoki & Company Advocates should be allowed to cease from acting for the petitioner at this stage of the proceedings.

Mr. Musyoka submitted that an advocate is simply an agent of his client and cannot speak for the client without instructions. On the other hand, Mr. Kanjama submitted that an advocate has a duty to properly take instructions, ascertain the proper identity, of his client, and more so the cases where there is limitation of time. The application  is also brought under the provisions of the Civil Procedure Act, and according to advocate for 2^nd respondent the application is unattainable  and must fail because  the Civil Procedure Rules do not apply in election petition.

35. To the extent that the proceedings before court relate to an election petition, and that the application to  cease from acting as brought under the civil procedure Act, I do find that the application to cease from acting must fail.

36. I have looked through the  Elections Act an did not find any provision that governs the conduct of advocates  in Election petitions. However, Rule 5 (2) of Elections (Parliamentary and County Elections) Petitions Rules 2017 provides;

(2) A party to a petition or an advocate for the party shall assist the election court to further the objective of these Rules and, for that purpose, to participate in the proceedings of the proceedings of the election court and to comply with the directions and orders of the election court.’

The objective of the Rules is set out in Rule (4) as;

1. The objective of these Rules is to facilitate the just, expeditious proportionate and affordable resolution of election petitions.

2. An election court shall, in the exercise of its power under the constitution and the Act, or in the interpretation of any of the provisions in these Rules, seek to give effect to the objective specified in sub-rule (1).

37. I have considered the circumstances surrounding this petition. Bearing in mind the findings already made on the merit of this petition, again I find  no justification or merit in the application by the Mr. Mogaka Musyoki Advocate to cease from acting for the petitioner. The petition filed by the said firm is a skeleton and the said firm of advcoates cannot seek  to bring it to court and abandon the same. To allow the same would amount to allowing the advocate  to throw the skeleton to the respondents to deal with a faceless petitioner, whom the advocate state they have lost contact with.  Considering that service could also be through advertisement (section 77  of the Elections Act) and the six months strict timelines set  for the completion of election petitions, it would not to give effect to the objective of the Act and the Rules to order that petitioner who has shown no interest by way of advertisement in a newspaper with national circulation to do this  would cause more delays and expense. I hereby disallow the application by the firm  of Mogaka Musyoki & Co. Advocates to cease from acting.

38. (iv) Who should bear the costs of this petition? The petitioner cannot escape the burden of costs. He failed to comply with section 78(3) of the Elections Act No. 2 of 2011. The consequences are stipulated under section 78(4) as follows;

(4) The costs of hearing and deciding an application under subsection (3) shall be paid as ordered by the election court, or where no order is made, shall form  part of the general costs of the petition.

39. Mr.Kanjama urged the court to order that the petitioner and the advocate do pay cost jointly and severally.  However, I find that there is no evidence to the effect that the advocate  acted in any unethical, unprofessional or contemptuous manner to warrant the court to give such drastic orders that the advocate should pay costs. The petitioner is a member of a party, and one who can be traced without extreme difficulties. I will order that the petitioner does bear the cost of the 2^nd respondents Notice of Motion application dated 27^th September, 2017 and cost of the petition to the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd Respondents.

CONCLUSION.

From the foregoing, this Honourable court makes the following orders;

(i) That this Honourable court lacks the jurisdiction to hear and determine the petitioner dated 8/9/2017, having been filed  outside the constitutional timelines.

(ii) That the 2nd Respondent Notice of Motion dated 27/9/2017 is hereby allowed. Costs to be borne by the petitioner.

(iii) The petitioner’s petition dated 8^th September 2017 is hereby dismissed with costs to the 1^st,  2^nd and 3rd Respondent.

Orders accordingly.

HON. M.MUTUKU

SPM

2/11/2017

Dated, delivered and signed in open Court at Milimani this 2^nd November, 2017.

In the presence of;-

Mr. Anyona for 1^st and 3^rd Respondents.

Mr. Kanjama for 2^nd Respondent.

No appearance for petitioner.

Right of appeal explained.

HON.M.MUTUKU

 SPM

ORDER; Parties to be supplied with certified copies of  ruling.

M.MUTUKU

SENIOR PRINCIPAL  MAGISTRATE

2/11/2017