IN THE COURT OF APPEAL

AT KISUMU

(CORAM: MARAGA. AZANGALALA & KANTAI, JJ. A)

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 28  OF 2013

BETWEEN

DANIEL ODERO OBOYI ............................................. APPELLANT

AND

REPUBLIC .............................................................RESPONDENT

(Appeal from a judgment of the High of Kenya at Kisumu (H.K. Chemitei, J) dated 24^th September, 2012)

in

HCCRA NO. 144 OF 2011)

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JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT

Section 361(1) (a) Criminal Procedure  Code limits our jurisidiction  in a second appeal.  We are to consider only issues of law raised in the appeal and must avoid  the temptation to deal with matters of fact which the trial court has dealt with and the first appellate  court has re-evaluated.  We can only interfere where it is shown that there has been a misdirection on the treatment  of facts or the findings of fact are not  based on the evidence- Aggrey Ochieng Aguch & Anor' v Republic (Kisumu) Criminal Appeal No. 367 of 2008 (ur); M'Irungu v Republic  (1982- 88) I KAR 360.  That statement  of the law was also put succinctly  by this Court in Gachuru v Republic [2005] KLR 688 where it was held:

"As a second appeal, only points of law may be raised since the Court will not disturb concurrent findings of facts made by the two courts below unless those findings are shown to be based on no evidence"

We shall  lay out  the facts of the case in this judgment purely for establishing what evidence, if any, was placed before the trial court; how that court dealt with that evidence and, on first appeal, how the High Court carried out its legal duty of re­ evaluation  of the evidence  to come to its own conclusion  in the first appeal.

The appellant, Daniel Odero Oboyi, was charged before the Senior Resident Magistrates Court, Bondo, on two counts. Count 1related to kidnapping contrary  to Section  257 of the Penal Code where  it was  alleged that on 17th day of March, 2011at [particulars withhed] in Bondo he kidnapped  "LAW",  a child aged sixteen years from lawful guardianship of her mother  "JOW".

On count 2 the appellant was charged with being involved  in the Prostitution of a Person with Mental Disability  contrary to Section 9 (1) of the Sexual Offences Act No.3 of 2006 particulars being that on the said  date at [particulars withhed]  in Bunyala for favour to "LAW" a child  aged sixteen years with mental disability  he intentionally detained her under deception  for purposes of sexual intercourse.

There was an alternative  charge of Indecent  Act with a child contrary to Section 19 (1) (g) of the Sexual Offences Act No.3 of 2006 particulars  being that on diverse dates  between 17th March, 2011 and 24th May, 2011at  the said [particulars withhed] he intentionally touched the vagina of "LAW" a child aged 16 years with his penis.

A trial took place before the learned Senior Resident Magistrate  (J. W. Onchuru) who heard evidence of six prosecution   witnesses  and an unsworn  statement  of the appellant  and in a judgement   delivered  on 20th September,  2011the  appellant was convicted and sentenced  to serve seven years imprisonment on the first count and twelve years imprisonment on the second count, and both sentences  ordered were to run concurrently.

Those findings led to the appellant filing an appeal at the High Court of Kenya, Kisumu  (H. K. Chemitei,  J) which appeal  was dismissed  in the judgement   delivered  on 24^th September,  2012.  That provoked this appeal premised  on a homemade Amended Memorandum of Appeal with eight grounds filed in this court on 3^rd October, 2014. Those grounds can be summarized thus: that the charge of kidnap was not  proved; that the courts erred by not ordering  DNA; that the complainant  was couched  on the evidence to give; that failure to call some witnesses  was  prejudicial  to the appellant  and that the sentence awarded  was harsh and excessive.

When the appeal came up for hearing before us the appellant relied on the said Memorandum of Appeal while Mr. L. K. Sirtuy, the learned Principal Prosecuting Counsel, opposed the appeal on the basis that no points of law were raised at all.

The case for the prosecution was that on 17^th March, 2011 "LAW" (PW2), then a sixteen year old Form 3 student at [particulars withhed] Secondary School, went to Bondo District Hospital to collect drugs because she had a mental problem.  Upon collecting drugs she saw the appellant, a man she knew before as he:

"... used to come to our  home and hospital to offer  prayers. The doctors knew him as he used to offer prayers to patients..."

The appellant took the drugs from her  and offered her a sweet then led her to [particulars withhed]  near Lake Victoria  where he bought her food.   They  then boarded a boat to the appellants home in Osieko where, upon arrival, the appellant laid out a mattress where "LAW" slept still in her school uniform.  When she awoke in the morning she found herself  naked, her panty was missing and there was blood on the  mattress.  In her own words:

"...I realized he had defiled me.  My v***** was painful..."

She was then locked up in the house where the appellant would return in the evenings and repeatedly defile her until 25th May, 2011when she was rescued and he was arrested.

Meanwhile the child's mother "JOW" (PWl), on noticing disappearance of the child and after an unsuccessful search reported the disappearance to Bondo Police Station.  She also sent word to the various churches in the region.  She knew the appellant very well as a preacher who used to visit her home to offer prayers.

"MO" (PW3), a brother of the complainant received word on 23rd May, 2011 that  his sister had been spotted in  Bunyala. He hastened there and on 25th May, 2011 with assistance  of local administration he was led to the appellants home where he found his sister.   The appellant was arrested by local police and he was transferred  to Bondo Police Station.

No. 97067336 Sgt, John Tengenya (PW4) arrested the appellant on 25^th May, 2011and the appellant led police to his house where "LAW" was found.

No. 89362 P. CJohana Lengandu (PW5) of Bondo  Police Station had received report  of disappearance of "LAW". He formally arrested the appellant and  arranged for "LAW" to undergo medical examination which was  conducted by Dr. Fredrick Mitema (PW6) (the Doctor)  who found that:

"...her v***** had lacerations at 2 o'clock position. It was healing.    This suggested a recent sexual intercourse. We did a pregnancy test that turned positive 2 months old.......  I concluded that she had been defiled as there was evidence of penetration..."

That was the prosecution case which the appellant was called upon to answer. He did so through an unsworn statement where he related events that took place on 25th May, 2011 when he was arrested.  He told the court that upon being stopped by a police officer and upon being shown the complainants photograph he led police to a place he had seen the complainant.  He therefore denied all the charges.

The matters of law that appear  to come for our consideration  are whether the charges preferred against the appellant were proved to the required standard and whether failure  to call some witnesses caused  prejudice to the appellant.

The trial magistrate, after analysing  the evidence and considering the appellants defence held that:

"... its clear from  the evidence that  accused led PW4 to [particulars withhed]  where  he found  PW2.  PW2 maintained that its here where accused had been holding her defiling her every evening   until the 25.5.2011 when she was rescued  ...

The medical  evidence shows that she had been defiled. Evidence  of PW2 shows that  accused  took her to Bunyala against her will after  giving her a  sweet.   Its at [particulars withhed] that  he defiled her repeatedly by taking  advantage of her illness…”

The High Court, on first appeal, analyzed the evidence and found that the complainant had been taken  away by the appellant and was finally traced to the home of the appellant  who had illegally detained her there against her will.   The High Court also found that the appellant  had defiled her repeatedly at his said home and that:

"By his past association with her, he ought  to have guarded her and  not take advantage of her mental  status.  The  appellant  does not deserve any pity at all..."

The High Court carried out its duty of re-evaluating the evidence and found that the two main counts against the appellant had been proved beyond reasonable doubt.

We can see no merit in the appellants complaint as standard  of proof to establish ignore the charges that he faced.

On the complaint that some witnesses were not called by the prosecution suffice to say that Section 143 of the Evidence Act declares:

"No particular number of witnesses shall, in the absence  of any provision of law to the contrary, be required for the proof  of any fact"

As long ago as 1953 the predecessor of this court stated in Abdalla  Bin  Wendo & Shah  Bin  Mwambere v R [1953] 20 EACA 166 that subject to certain exceptions a fact may be proved by the testimony of a single witness. In Benard Mutua Matheka v Republic [2012] e KLR where essential witnesses were not called to  testify it was held that as a general rule the prosecution is supposed to call all witnesses whose evidence is material for the just  determination of a case, whether or not it is favourable to their case. The prosecution  is not obligated to call more  witnesses than are necessary for  the just determination of the case (Bukenya & others v Uganda  [1972] EA).  The court may however draw an adverse inference that an essential  witness who is not called to testify would  have testified adversely against  the prosecution case unless reasonable cause is shown for not calling that witness. It was  further  held that there was an additional qualification - an adverse inference may only be drawn where the evidence in support of the prosecution case is barely  sufficient to prove its case.

In the case before the trial magistrate as reviewed on first appeal the evidence of the complainant, her mother and brother, that of the Doctor coupled  with the police evidence showing how the complainant was  found detained by the appellant at his house was more  than what the prosecution  required to establish the charges beyond reasonable doubt. No essential witness was left out and it was not necessary to call any other witness.

There is no merit in this appeal which we accordingly dismiss.

Dated and Delivered at Kisumu this 30^th day of October, 2014

D.  K.MARAGA

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JUDGE OF APPEAL

F.AZANGALALA

....................................

JUDGE OF APPEAL

S. ole  KANTAI

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JUDGE OF APPEAL

I certify that this is a true copy of the original.

DEPUTY REGISTRAR